B4 Organising Animals And Plants Flashcards
What is the role of the human circulatory system
Transports substances to and from the body cells
What makes up the human circulatory system
The blood, blood vessels and heart
What does plasma do
Transports proteins and other chemicals around your body
What cells are suspended in plasma
Blood cells
What do your red blood cells contain that binds oxygen to transport it from your lungs to the tissues
Haemoglobin
What do white blood cells do
Helps protect the body against infection
What are platelets
Cell fragments that start the clotting process at wound sites
How does blood flow around the body
Blood vessels
What are the three main types of blood vessels
Arteries, veins and capillaries
Substances _____ in and out of the blood in the capillaries
Diffuse
What do valves do
Prevent backflow of blood
Humans have a double/single circulatory system
Double
What is the heart
An organ that pumps blood around the body
What are stents used for
To keep narrowed or blocked arteries open
What do statins do
Reduces cholesterol levels in the blood, reducing the risk of coronary heart disease
What can damaged heart valves be replaced by
Biological or mechanical valves
What is the natural heart rate controlled by
A group of cells in the right atrium that form a natural pacemaker
What are artificial pacemakers
Electrical devices used to correct irregularities in the heart rhythm
What are artificial hearts used for
To keep patients alive while waiting for a transplants or their heart to recover
Where are your lungs
In the chest cavity, protected by ribcage and separated from your abdomen by the diaphragm
What does the alveoli provide
A very large surface area and a rich supply of blood capillaries , making it easier for diffusion of gases
What are plant tissues
Collections of cells specialised to carry out specific functions
What makes up a plant organ system
Roots stem and leaves for transport of substances around the plant
In coronary heart disease layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries. Explain why this could be dangerous
(fatty materials can) narrow / block the arteries
(so) less oxygen reaches the heart muscle cells
(which) can result in a heart attack
Describe 3 ways that red blood cells are adapted to transport oxygen from the lungs to cells of the body
• contain haemoglobin • do not have a nucleus • large surface area:
volume ratio
• can squeeze through
narrow capillaries
