B7 The Spread Of Diseases Flashcards
Communicable disease?
A disease that can be transmitted from one organism to another
Pathogen?
A microorganism that causes disease
4 types of pathogens ?
Bacteria
Fungi
Protists
Viruses
How can pathogens spread ?
Air
Water
Direct contact
How do bacteria make u ill?
Produce toxins that damage tissues
How do viruses make u ill?
They reproduce rapidly inside cells, damaging or destroying them
Name three viral diseases
Measles
HIV
Tobacco mosaic virus
Name two bacterial diseases
Salmonella
Gonorrhoea
Name one fungal disease
Rose black spot
Describe an example of a protist disease
Malaria is caused by a protist pathogen that is spread from person to person by mosquito bites and causes recurrent fevers
Name 4 methods of controlling the spread of communicable diseases
Good hygiene
Isolating infected individuals
Controlling vectors
Vaccination
What does a vaccine contain?
A vaccine contains small quantities of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen
How does a vaccination protect against a specific pathogen ?
The vaccination stimulates the body to produce antibodies against a specific pathogen so if the same pathogen re-enters the body, white blood cells rapidly produce the correct antibodies
What is herd immunity?
When most of a population is vaccinated against a disease making it less likely to spread
