B7 - Non-communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors for disease?

A

• Aspects of lifestyle - smoking, exercise or overreacting
• Substances present in environment or body - ionising radiation, UV light, second hand Tabasco smoke

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2
Q

D. Casual mechanism?

A

Something that explains how one factor influences another one

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3
Q

What do benign and malignant tumours result in?

A

Uncontrolled cell division

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4
Q

Benign tumours?

A

Form in one place and do not spread to other tissues.

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5
Q

Malignant tumours?

A

Cancers, invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body in the blood where they are secondary tumours

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6
Q

How are benign tumours dangerous?

A

Grow quickly and can put pressure on organs or damage them - brain

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7
Q

Ways of treating cancer? (2)

A

• Radiotherapy - targeted dose of radiation kills cancer cells. Stops mitosis but can damage healthy cells.
• Chemotherapy - chemicals used to stop cancer cells dividing or make them ‘self destruct’

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8
Q

Smoking can cause….?

A

Cardiovascular disease - inc. coronary heart disease, lung cancer and lung disease

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9
Q

What happens when a fetus is exposed to smoke?

A

Restricted oxygen = premature birth, low birthweight and even still still birth

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10
Q

Effects of smoking on the heart?

A
  • Narrows blood vessels in skin ageing it
  • Nicotine increases heart rate whilst other chemicals damage the lining of the arteries
  • Increased blood pressure
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11
Q

Amount of exercise affects the amount of …… in muscles.

A

Respiration

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12
Q

People who exercise have….

A

Fitter heart and bigger lungs

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13
Q

Casual mechanisms that explain why exercise helps keep you healthy?

A

• More muscle tissue
• Increases metabolic rate - reduces risk of developing arthritis, diabetes and high blood pressure
• lowers blood cholesterol levels = reduced risk of fatty deposits building up in the coronary arteries.

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14
Q

What damage does alcohol cause?

A

Damage to liver and cause cirrhosis and liver cancer, brain damage and death

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15
Q

Alcohol taken by a pregnant woman can affect….

A

The development of her baby

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16
Q

D. Carcinogen?

A

Agents that cause cancer or significantly increase the risk of developing cancer.