B7 - Non-communicable Diseases Flashcards
Risk factors for disease?
• Aspects of lifestyle - smoking, exercise or overreacting
• Substances present in environment or body - ionising radiation, UV light, second hand Tabasco smoke
D. Casual mechanism?
Something that explains how one factor influences another one
What do benign and malignant tumours result in?
Uncontrolled cell division
Benign tumours?
Form in one place and do not spread to other tissues.
Malignant tumours?
Cancers, invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body in the blood where they are secondary tumours
How are benign tumours dangerous?
Grow quickly and can put pressure on organs or damage them - brain
Ways of treating cancer? (2)
• Radiotherapy - targeted dose of radiation kills cancer cells. Stops mitosis but can damage healthy cells.
• Chemotherapy - chemicals used to stop cancer cells dividing or make them ‘self destruct’
Smoking can cause….?
Cardiovascular disease - inc. coronary heart disease, lung cancer and lung disease
What happens when a fetus is exposed to smoke?
Restricted oxygen = premature birth, low birthweight and even still still birth
Effects of smoking on the heart?
- Narrows blood vessels in skin ageing it
- Nicotine increases heart rate whilst other chemicals damage the lining of the arteries
- Increased blood pressure
Amount of exercise affects the amount of …… in muscles.
Respiration
People who exercise have….
Fitter heart and bigger lungs
Casual mechanisms that explain why exercise helps keep you healthy?
• More muscle tissue
• Increases metabolic rate - reduces risk of developing arthritis, diabetes and high blood pressure
• lowers blood cholesterol levels = reduced risk of fatty deposits building up in the coronary arteries.
What damage does alcohol cause?
Damage to liver and cause cirrhosis and liver cancer, brain damage and death
Alcohol taken by a pregnant woman can affect….
The development of her baby
