B5 - Comminicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

D. Health?

A

The state of physical and mental well-being.

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2
Q

D. Communicable diseases?

A

Caused by pathogens such as bacteria and viruses that can be passed from one person to another.

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3
Q

D. Non communicable diseases?

A

Cannot be transmitted from one person to another.

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4
Q

Factors that effect health?

A

Diet, stress and life situations.

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5
Q

What are communicable diseases caused by?

A

Pathogens

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6
Q

Examples of pathogens?

A

Viruses, fungi and Protists

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7
Q

How are pathogens spread?

A

Direct contact, air and water

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8
Q

Difference between viruses and bacteria?

A

Viruses are smaller and have regular shapes.

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9
Q

How do bacteria make you feel Ill?

A

They produce toxins

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10
Q

What temperature should cultures be incubated in schools? Why?

A

25 degrees, to reduce the likelihood of pathogens growing that might be harmful to humans.

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11
Q

D. Disinfectant?

A

Chemicals used to kill bacteria in the environment.

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12
Q

D. Antiseptic?

A

Disinfectant that is safe to use of human skin.

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13
Q

D. Antibiotics?

A

Chemicals that can be used inside the body to kill bacteria/prevent bacterial growth

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14
Q

How do you present the spread of communicable diseases?

A

Hand washing, disinfectants, isolating infected individuals, destroying/controlling vectors and vaccines.

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15
Q

Effects of HIV?

A

• At first only flu-like symptoms
• HIV attacks the immune system and remains in the body, until the immune system is so badly damaged it can’t cope with infections - AIDS

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16
Q

Cause of measles?

A

Inhalation of droplets from coughs/sneezes

17
Q

Symptoms of measles?

A

Fever and red skin rash

18
Q

Effects of measles?

A

Blindness and brain damage and death.

19
Q

How to tobacco mosaic virus spread?

A

Contact and vectors

20
Q

Effects of TMV?

A

Damages leaves and reduces photosynthesis.

21
Q

How do antibiotics cure bacterial infections?

A

Kill bacteria/stop growth

22
Q

How is rose black spot spread?

A

Wind and water

23
Q

Effects of rose black spot?

A

Damaging leaves so they drop off = photosynthesis reduced.

24
Q

Defences in the body against entry of pathogens?

A
  • Skin (barrier and antimicrobial)
  • Nasal hairs and mucus
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Stomach
25
Q

How do white blood cells defend you against pathogens?

A

Ingesting and making antibodies and antitoxins.

26
Q

How do antitoxins work?

A

They counteract the toxins.

27
Q

How to reduce spread of rose black spot? (2)

A
  • use fungicide
  • remove/burn infected leaves
28
Q

how was the spread of salmonella reduce? (3)

A
  • poultry stored/cooked properly
  • vaccinate poultry against salmonella
  • raw and cooked foods stored separately
29
Q

How does the falling of hail make rose black spot spread?

A

Break open the leaves making it easier for spores/fungus to enter

30
Q

Plant défenses?

A

-Cellulose cell wall
-Tough waxy cuticle
-Layers of dead cells around stem