B18 - Biodiversity and Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

D. Biodiversity?

A

The measure of the variety of all species and organisms on Earth, or within a particular ecosystem

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2
Q

High biodiversity helps to ensure…

A

stability of an ecosystem by reducing the dependence of one species on another

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3
Q

Effects of fertiliser in the waterways?

A
  • stimulates the growth of algae and water plants
  • plants die because unable to photosynthesise
  • means more microorganisms feed on dead pants
  • less oxygen in water as microorganisms respire
  • fish die
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4
Q

Why are peat bogs mainly destroyed?

A
  • peat is burnt as fuel
  • widely used by gardeners to improve soil quality
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5
Q

Peat is a large store of…

A

carbon

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6
Q

Ways of maintaining biodiversity? (4)

A
  • breeding programs for endangered species
  • protection and regeneration of rare habitats
  • reintroduction of field margins and hedgerows
  • reduction of deforestation
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7
Q

D. Trophic levels?

A

The position of organisms within a food chain

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8
Q

Trophic level 1

A

producers

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9
Q

Trophic level 2

A

primary consumers (herbivores)

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10
Q

Trophic level 3

A

secondary consumers ( carnivores who eat herbivores)

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11
Q

Trophic level 4

A

tertiary consumers ( carnivores who eat secondary consumers)

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12
Q

Apex predators?

A

predators with no predator

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13
Q

How do decomposers break down dead mass?

A

by secreting enzymes into the environment. small soluble food molecules then diffuse back into the microorganism down the conc gradient

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14
Q

How much of the biomass from each trophic level is transferred to the next one?

A

10%

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15
Q

Why do losses of biomass occur?

A

Because not all ingested material is absorbed, some excreted, some used in respiration, some lost as urine etc.

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16
Q

D. Incident energy?

A

light falling on Earth

17
Q

Percentage of incident energy from light that is used by plants and algae for photosynthesis?

A

1%