B1 - Cell Structure And Organisation Flashcards
Formula for Magnification
Magnification= image size / size of real object
Function of cytoplasm?
Liquid gel where organisms are suspended and most chemical reactions for life take place.
Function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis takes place, making all proteins for the cell
Function of mitochondria?
Aerobic respiration - releasing energy for the cell.
Function of cell membrane?
Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell.
Function of chlorophyll?
Absorbs light so plant can make food by photosynthesis
Eukaryotic?
Genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus
Prokaryotic?
Genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus.
What are plasmids?
Small rings of DNA that code for specific features such as antibiotic resistances
Bacteria are….
Prokaryotic cells
Examples of specialised cells?
Nerve cells, muscle cells, sperm cells
How are nerve cells specialised? (3)
• Lots of dendrites that make connections to other cells
• Axons that carry the impulse from one place to another
• Synapses aww adapted to pass the impulse to another cell or between a nerve cell and a muscle cell
How are muscle cells specialised? (3)
• Contain proteins that slide over each other and make the fibres contract
• Contain many mitochondria to transfer energy needed for chemical reactions to take place
• Store glycogen, which can be broken down and used in cellular respiration by the mitochondria to provide energy needed for the fibres to contract.
How are sperm cells specialised?
(4)
• Long tail helps it to move
• Middle section is full of mitochondria, which provide energy for the tail
• Large nucleus contains genetic information to be passed on
• Acrosome stores digestive enzymes to break down the outer layers of the egg
Specialised plant cells?
Root hair cells, photosynthetic calls’ xylem cells and phloem cells