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BMB Test 3 > B7-082 Antipsychotics > Flashcards

B7-082 Antipsychotics Flashcards

1
Q

antipsychotic drugs are […] based on their tendency to produce neurological side effects

A

neuroleptics

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2
Q

the original name of antipsychotics was […] which were used to quiet institutionalized mental patient

A

major tranquilizers

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3
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia [2]

A

hallucinations (typically auditory)
delusions

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4
Q

pathogenesis of schizophrenia is unknown but thought to have […] and […] components

A

neurodevelopmental
heritable

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5
Q

all antipsychotics are antagonists of

A

D2 dopamine receptor

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6
Q

what interaction contributes to the side effects of antipsychotics

A

other receptors a, ACh, histamine, etc

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7
Q

most important receptors of antipsychotics

A

D2
5HT

(but extensively interact with other receptors causing side effects)

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8
Q

initial pharmacologic effects of antipsychotics [2]

A

sedation
decreased agitiation

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9
Q

antipsychotics improve […] symptoms of schizophrenia over weeks to months of treatment

A

positive

(very delayed effect, presents a problem with the Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia)

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10
Q

do older, “typical” antipsychotics improve negative symptoms of shizophrenia?

A

no

positive may see improvement over time

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11
Q

How do antipsychotics cause parkinsonism?

A

blocks the striatal dopamine receptors

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12
Q

extrapryramidal effects of antipsychotics [3]

A

dystonia
akathisia
Parkinsonian symptoms

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13
Q

[…] can help prevent the extrapyramidal effects of antipsychotics

A

anticholinergics

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14
Q

antipsychotics cause increased prolactin release via inhibition of […] receptors

A

D2

(can cause amenorrhea, gynecomastia, and lactation)

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15
Q

newer antipsychotics cause significant […] gain

A

weight

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16
Q

can cause metabolic syndrome, diabetes

A

olanzepine

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17
Q

can cause blurred vision and retinitis pigmentosum

A

thioridazine

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18
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome can be treated with

(fever, rigidity, myoglobinuria)

A

bromotriptine
dantrolene

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19
Q

used to treat tardive dyskinesia

A

valbenazine

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20
Q

long term side effects of antipsychotics

A

tardive dyskinesias
perioral tremor
blood dyscrasias

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21
Q

agranulocytosis can occur with long term used of […]

A

clozapine

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22
Q

any drugs that are sedative will have […] CNS effects

A

additive

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23
Q

effective against positive, but not negative schizophrenia symptoms

A

typical antipsychotics

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24
Q

produce EPS and tardive dyskinesia

A

typical antipsychotics

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25
typical antipsychotics: phenothiazines [3]
chlorpromazine fluphenazine thioridazine
26
-azine
phenothiazines (typical antipsychotics)
27
haloperidol and thiotixene are [...] antipsychotics
typical
28
[...] has the highest incidence of causing EPS
typical antipsychotics
29
first antipsychotic drug
clorpromazine (phenothiazine) (typical antipsychotic)
30
all typical antipsychotics are [...] agonists
D2
31
no EPS or tardive dyskinesia
atypical antipsychotics
32
atypical antipsychotics are [...] antagonists
5 HT receptors (higher affinity) (also D2, but lower affinity)
33
prototypical atypical antipsychotic
clozapine
34
activity at a broad spectrum of receptors "busiest drug out there"
clozapine
35
some effect on negative shizophrenic symptoms
clozapine (atypical antipsychotic)
36
major side effect of clozapine
agranulocytosis (approved for used ONLY in patients that are treatment resistant, must receive routine blood tests)
37
approved only for treatment resistant patients who must receive regular blood tests
clozapine (atypical antipsychotic)
38
newer "atypical" antipsychotics have significant [...] antagonist activity
5HT2
39
generally have an improved side effect profile
newer "atypical" antipsychotics
40
atypical antipsychotics that produce less EPS and tardive dyskinesia
**risperidone** (causes EPS at high doses) lerasidone paliperidone
41
high incidence of weight gain and metabolic syndrome [2]
olanzapine quetiapine (newer atypical antipsychotics)
42
D2 partial agonist 5HT2 antagonist
aripriprazole
43
generally less sedating than other antipsychotics
aripriprazole (newer atypical antipsychotics)
44
other uses of antipsychotics
management of agitation and psychotic symptoms
45
antipsychotics can be used to treat [...] but associated with increased risk of mortality
dementia
46
antipsychotics can be used to treat alcoholic hallucinosis but only when
actively drinking (when in withdrawal, can cause seizures)
47
early side effects of haloperidol that occur in the first few weeks [2]
dystonia Parkinsonism
48
use of what medication requires monitoring for agranulocytosis?
clozapine
49
olazapine and quetiapine have a low liability for causing EPS, but can cause [2]
weight gain metabolic syndrome
50
atypical antipsychotics 5-HT2 [...] D2 [higher affinity for which receptor?]
5-HT2 > D2
51
typical antipsychotics 5-HT2 orD2 [higher affinity for which receptor?]
5-HT2 < D2
52
typical antipsychotics have a tendency to cause [2]
EPS (parkinsonism) tardive dyskinesia
53
antipsychotics with strong [...] effects are the most likely to cause orthostatic hypotension and erectile dysfunction
alpha antagonist (chlorpromazine)
54
has the side effect of retinitis pigementosa
thiordazine
55
which class of antipsychotics is more likely to cause EPS?
typicals
56
delirium results from blockade of [...] receptors
muscarinic
57
erectile dysfunction and orthostatic hypotension results from blockade of [...] receptors
alpha
58
sedation results from blockade of [...] receptors
histamine
59
galactorrhea results from blockade of [...] receptors
D2
60
less likely to produce EPS than typical antipsychotics, but EPS can still occur at high doses
risperidone
61
decrease EPS by blocking the input of cholinergic striatal interneurons to ascending GABAergic projection from the caudate to the globus pallidue
anticholinergics (benzotropine) (used to lessen EPS)

BMB Test 3 (18 decks)

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