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BMB Test 3 > B7-047 Childhood Developmental Disorders > Flashcards

B7-047 Childhood Developmental Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

childhood developmental disorder causing cognitive impairment

A

intellectual disability

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2
Q

childhood developmental disorder causing social/communication impairement

A

autism

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3
Q

childhood developmental disorder causing motor impairment

A

cerebral palsy

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4
Q

intelligence is substantially below average

important limitations in adaptive function

A

intellectual disability

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5
Q

cut off for IQ < 70

A

intellectual disability

(also must have limitations in function to be classified as this though)

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6
Q

intellectual disability must onset before age

A

18

(if after 18, it is called dementia)

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7
Q

for IQ, the average is set to […] and the standard deviation is set to […]

A

100
15

(<70 is two SDs below normal)

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8
Q

IQs between […] and […] are considered borderline for intellectual disability

A

70 and 84

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9
Q

mild intellectual disability IQ is between […] and […]

A

50-69

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10
Q

often not noticed until school age
reading and writing typical of a child 9-12
often become independent

A

mild intellectual disability

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11
Q

moderate intellectual disability IQ is between […] and […]

A

35-49

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12
Q

delayed speech development
usually require life-long partial support

A

moderate intellectual disability

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13
Q

severe intellectual disability IQ is between […] and […]

A

20-34

profound is below 20, requires complete life-long support

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14
Q

most common identified cause of intellectual disability in males

A

Fragile X syndrome

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15
Q

most common toxin exposure causing intellectual disability

A

lead

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16
Q

impaired socialization detected before age 3

A

autism

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17
Q

restricted interests with stereotyped behavior

A

autism

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18
Q

about what percentage of individuals with autism have intellectual disability?

A

more than half

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19
Q

why is early identification of autism important?

A

SPED can lead to improvements with age

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20
Q

preferences for routine and restricted behavior patterns

A

autism

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21
Q

theories about increasing prevalence of autism [3]

A

changing definition
improved recognition
true epidemic

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22
Q

[males/females] are more commonly affected by autism

A

males

4:1 ratio

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23
Q

humans understand the mental state of others and are able to explain and predict the behaviors of others

A

theory of mind

(autism)

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24
Q

generally, humans prefer faces over objects
however, people with autism can have an abnormal gaze in social situations due to lack of

A

mutual attention

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25
what species of animal has evolved to share mutual attention? (i.e. looking when pointing?)
dogs (idk this might've been a "fun fact" who knows"
26
by definition, autism present before age
3
27
baby does not turn when called by name does not attend to person/object of other people's attention
early signs of autism (12-18 months)
28
around what age is Asperger syndrome diagnosed?
school age
29
functional imaging defects commonly noted in autism [3]
orbitofrontal cortex anterior cingulate cortex amygdyla (impaired decision making, socialization, ect)
30
is there a genetic component to autism?
yes, strong concordance in monozygotic twins but probably polygenetic
31
many forms are likely X-linked
autism
32
encephalopathy acquired before age 3
cerebral palsy
33
manifested by disorder of movement or posture
cerebral palsy
34
spasticity hyperreflexia upgoing toes
spastic cerebral palsy (can be further subtyped by pattern: diplegia, hemiplegia, quadriplegia)
35
cerebellar symptoms
ataxic cerebral palsy
36
rigidity abnormal involuntary movements
dyskinetic CP (affecting the basal ganglia)
37
most common pattern of CP
spastic
38
least common pattern of CP
ataxic
39
what percentage of CP patients have intellectual disability?
30-50%
40
15-60% of patients associated with epilepsy
CP
41
major risk factor for CP
preterm birth
42
why is it difficult to determine where the lesion is in babies?
will just have generalized hypotonia
43
involution of the germinal matrix is complete by [...] weeks gestation
32 weeks
44
produces neurons and glial cells which populate the cerebral cortex
germinal matrix
45
most cases of GMH/IVH occur within [...] of life
the first week approximately 50% in the first day
46
who is at high risk of GMH/IVH?
neonates < 32 weeks gestation birth weights under 1500 g
47
highly vascularized layer within the subventricular zone
germinal matrix
48
bleeding into ventricles due to reduced glial fiber support and impaired autoregulation of BP in premature infants
neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage
49
second most common CNS complication in preterm infants
periventricular leukomalacia
50
caused by ischemia in the watershed territory of the preterm infant
periventricular leukomalacia
51
ischemia in watershed zone affects
oligodendroglia myelination is impaired
52
fibers to the [...] are selectively impaired by periventricular pathology
legs (causes spastic diplegia CP)
53
what causes the spastic diplegia pattern of CP?
fibers to the legs are selectively impaired by periventricular pathology in preterm infants
54
where are the watershed zones in the term babies/adult brain? [2]
area between ACA-MCA zones area between PCA-MCA zones
55
what causes spastic quadriplegic CP?
term brain hypoperfusion of watershed areas
56
what causes spastic hemiplegic CP?
vascular injury in MCA distribution
57
areas of the brain that are selectively vulnerable to hypoperfusion
watershed zones (differ in preterm vs term brain)
58
what layer of the cerebral cortex is selectively vulnerable to pure hypoxia?
layer 3
59
areas of the brain that are selectively vulnerable pure hypoxia
cerebral cortex basal ganglia purkinje cells of cerebellum
60
pure hypoxia of the cerebral cortex causes
intellectual disability
61
pure hypoxia of the basal ganglia causes
dyskinetic CP
62
pure hypoxia of the purkinje cells causes
ataxic CP
63
bilirubin induced neurologic dysfunction
kernicterus
64
what area of the brain is selectively vulnerable to kernicterus?
basal ganglic (causes of dyskinetic CP)
65
most common form of CP
spastic
66
spastic CP is caused by damage to the [...] tract
corticospinal
67
ataxic CP arises from damage to the [...] system
cerebellar
68
dyskinetic CP arises from damage to the [...] system
basal ganglia
69
what is theory of mind?
the ability to infer what someone else is thinking
70
theory of mind is missing in [...]
autism
71
specific learning issue within a specific domain
learning disability

BMB Test 3 (18 decks)

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