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BMB Test 3 > B7-047 Childhood Developmental Disorders > Flashcards

B7-047 Childhood Developmental Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

childhood developmental disorder causing cognitive impairment

A

intellectual disability

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2
Q

childhood developmental disorder causing social/communication impairement

A

autism

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3
Q

childhood developmental disorder causing motor impairment

A

cerebral palsy

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4
Q

intelligence is substantially below average

important limitations in adaptive function

A

intellectual disability

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5
Q

cut off for IQ < 70

A

intellectual disability

(also must have limitations in function to be classified as this though)

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6
Q

intellectual disability must onset before age

A

18

(if after 18, it is called dementia)

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7
Q

for IQ, the average is set to […] and the standard deviation is set to […]

A

100
15

(<70 is two SDs below normal)

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8
Q

IQs between […] and […] are considered borderline for intellectual disability

A

70 and 84

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9
Q

mild intellectual disability IQ is between […] and […]

A

50-69

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10
Q

often not noticed until school age
reading and writing typical of a child 9-12
often become independent

A

mild intellectual disability

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11
Q

moderate intellectual disability IQ is between […] and […]

A

35-49

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12
Q

delayed speech development
usually require life-long partial support

A

moderate intellectual disability

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13
Q

severe intellectual disability IQ is between […] and […]

A

20-34

profound is below 20, requires complete life-long support

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14
Q

most common identified cause of intellectual disability in males

A

Fragile X syndrome

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15
Q

most common toxin exposure causing intellectual disability

A

lead

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16
Q

impaired socialization detected before age 3

A

autism

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17
Q

restricted interests with stereotyped behavior

A

autism

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18
Q

about what percentage of individuals with autism have intellectual disability?

A

more than half

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19
Q

why is early identification of autism important?

A

SPED can lead to improvements with age

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20
Q

preferences for routine and restricted behavior patterns

A

autism

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21
Q

theories about increasing prevalence of autism [3]

A

changing definition
improved recognition
true epidemic

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22
Q

[males/females] are more commonly affected by autism

A

males

4:1 ratio

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23
Q

humans understand the mental state of others and are able to explain and predict the behaviors of others

A

theory of mind

(autism)

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24
Q

generally, humans prefer faces over objects
however, people with autism can have an abnormal gaze in social situations due to lack of

A

mutual attention

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25
Q

what species of animal has evolved to share mutual attention?

(i.e. looking when pointing?)

A

dogs

(idk this might’ve been a “fun fact” who knows”

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26
Q

by definition, autism present before age

A

3

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27
Q

baby does not turn when called by name

does not attend to person/object of other people’s attention

A

early signs of autism (12-18 months)

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28
Q

around what age is Asperger syndrome diagnosed?

A

school age

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29
Q

functional imaging defects commonly noted in autism [3]

A

orbitofrontal cortex
anterior cingulate cortex
amygdyla

(impaired decision making, socialization, ect)

30
Q

is there a genetic component to autism?

A

yes, strong concordance in monozygotic twins

but probably polygenetic

31
Q

many forms are likely X-linked

A

autism

32
Q

encephalopathy acquired before age 3

A

cerebral palsy

33
Q

manifested by disorder of movement or posture

A

cerebral palsy

34
Q

spasticity
hyperreflexia
upgoing toes

A

spastic cerebral palsy

(can be further subtyped by pattern: diplegia, hemiplegia, quadriplegia)

35
Q

cerebellar symptoms

A

ataxic cerebral palsy

36
Q

rigidity
abnormal involuntary movements

A

dyskinetic CP (affecting the basal ganglia)

37
Q

most common pattern of CP

A

spastic

38
Q

least common pattern of CP

A

ataxic

39
Q

what percentage of CP patients have intellectual disability?

A

30-50%

40
Q

15-60% of patients associated with epilepsy

A

CP

41
Q

major risk factor for CP

A

preterm birth

42
Q

why is it difficult to determine where the lesion is in babies?

A

will just have generalized hypotonia

43
Q

involution of the germinal matrix is complete by […] weeks gestation

A

32 weeks

44
Q

produces neurons and glial cells which populate the cerebral cortex

A

germinal matrix

45
Q

most cases of GMH/IVH occur within […] of life

A

the first week

approximately 50% in the first day

46
Q

who is at high risk of GMH/IVH?

A

neonates < 32 weeks gestation
birth weights under 1500 g

47
Q

highly vascularized layer within the subventricular zone

A

germinal matrix

48
Q

bleeding into ventricles due to reduced glial fiber support and impaired autoregulation of BP in premature infants

A

neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage

49
Q

second most common CNS complication in preterm infants

A

periventricular leukomalacia

50
Q

caused by ischemia in the watershed territory of the preterm infant

A

periventricular leukomalacia

51
Q

ischemia in watershed zone affects

A

oligodendroglia

myelination is impaired

52
Q

fibers to the […] are selectively impaired by periventricular pathology

A

legs

(causes spastic diplegia CP)

53
Q

what causes the spastic diplegia pattern of CP?

A

fibers to the legs are selectively impaired by periventricular pathology in preterm infants

54
Q

where are the watershed zones in the term babies/adult brain? [2]

A

area between ACA-MCA zones

area between PCA-MCA zones

55
Q

what causes spastic quadriplegic CP?

A

term brain hypoperfusion of watershed areas

56
Q

what causes spastic hemiplegic CP?

A

vascular injury in MCA distribution

57
Q

areas of the brain that are selectively vulnerable to hypoperfusion

A

watershed zones

(differ in preterm vs term brain)

58
Q

what layer of the cerebral cortex is selectively vulnerable to pure hypoxia?

A

layer 3

59
Q

areas of the brain that are selectively vulnerable pure hypoxia

A

cerebral cortex
basal ganglia
purkinje cells of cerebellum

60
Q

pure hypoxia of the cerebral cortex causes

A

intellectual disability

61
Q

pure hypoxia of the basal ganglia causes

A

dyskinetic CP

62
Q

pure hypoxia of the purkinje cells causes

A

ataxic CP

63
Q

bilirubin induced neurologic dysfunction

A

kernicterus

64
Q

what area of the brain is selectively vulnerable to kernicterus?

A

basal ganglic

(causes of dyskinetic CP)

65
Q

most common form of CP

A

spastic

66
Q

spastic CP is caused by damage to the […] tract

A

corticospinal

67
Q

ataxic CP arises from damage to the […] system

A

cerebellar

68
Q

dyskinetic CP arises from damage to the […] system

A

basal ganglia

69
Q

what is theory of mind?

A

the ability to infer what someone else is thinking

70
Q

theory of mind is missing in […]

A

autism

71
Q

specific learning issue within a specific domain

A

learning disability

BMB Test 3 (18 decks)

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