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BMB Test 3 > B7-065 CBCL Multi-Infarct Dementia > Flashcards

B7-065 CBCL Multi-Infarct Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

cognitive deficits impairing social or occupational functions

A

dementia

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2
Q

syndrome that is
acquired
persistent
affects multiple cognitive domains

A

dementia

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3
Q

poor planning

location of deficit:
domain of deficit:

A

location of deficit: frontal lobes
domain of deficit: executive dysfunction

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4
Q

inattentive

location of deficit:
domain of deficit:

A

location of deficit: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
domain of deficit: complex attention

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5
Q

inability to form new memories

location of deficit:
domain of deficit:

A

location of deficit: bilateral Papez circuit
domain of deficit: memory

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6
Q

aphasia

location of deficit:
domain of deficit:

A

location of deficit: dominant hemisphere
domain of deficit: language

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7
Q

agnosia (inability to process higher sensory info)

location of deficit:
domain of deficit:

A

location of deficit: perceptual centers in back of brain
domain of deficit: perceptual

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8
Q

apraxia (inability to perform a learned task)

location of deficit:
domain of deficit:

A

location of deficit:
domain of deficit: perceptual motor

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9
Q

no empathy

location of deficit:
domain of deficit:

A

location of deficit: orbito-frontal
domain of deficit: social cognition

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10
Q

problem in single cognitive domain

A

mild cognitive impairment (MCI)

(like only short term memory issue)

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11
Q

present with subjective cognitive complaints, but perform well on neuro exam

A

subjective cognitive impairment (SCI)

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12
Q

risk factors for AD actually increase risk for […] in general

A

dementia

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13
Q

APOE4 increases risk of developing […] onset dementia

A

later (after 65)

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14
Q

PSEN1, PSEN2 and APP increases risk of developing […] onset dementia

A

early (in 40s and 50s)

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15
Q

any pathologic process that damages the cerebral hemispheres can cause

A

dementia

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16
Q

amyloid and tau are associated with

A

AD

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17
Q

ischemia and amyloid angiopathy are associated with

A

vascular dementia

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18
Q

a-synuclein is associated with

A

diffuse lewy body dementia

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19
Q

hippocampul sclerosis is a common cause of

A

temporal epilepsy

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20
Q

which is the most prevalent cause of dementia?

A

if mixed pathology is an answer choice, choose that

if not, 1. AD 2. vascular 3. LBD

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21
Q

short term memory loss
temporal lobe epilepsy

A

hippocampal sclerosis

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22
Q

why is hippocampal sclerosis commonly misdiagnosed as AD?

A

short term memory loss is primary symptom

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23
Q

AD typically starts in the

A

medial temporal lobe

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24
Q

if AD starts in the inferior temporal lobe, the patient will present with

A

prosopagnosia

(inability to recognize faces)

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25
Q

taupathies [3]

A

AD
Frontotemporal dementia
progressive supranuclear palsy (he said don’t need to know this one)

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26
Q

beta amyloidopathies [2]

A

AD
cerebral amyloid angiopathy

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27
Q

a-synucleinopathies [3]

A

Parkinson’s
Multi systems atrophy
diffuse lewy body disease

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28
Q

TDP-43 -pathies [2]

A

frontotemporal dementia
ALS

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29
Q

PRPNP disease

A

prions

30
Q

standard dementia evaluation [4]

A

brain MRI
thyroid function tests
B12
CBC/CMP

31
Q

optional tests for dementia evaluation [2]

A

CSF evaluation
PET

32
Q

reversible causes of dementia [5]

A

depression
hypothyroidism
vitamin B12 deficiency
neurosyphillis
normal pressure hydrocephalus

33
Q

beta amyloid deposits in the wall of small to medium brain vessel

A

cerebral amyloid angiopathy

34
Q

manifestations of cerebral amyloid angiopathy are related to

A

macro and micro hemorrhages

(spectrum he was talking about)

35
Q

sometimes associated with vasculitis

A

cerebral amyloid angiopathy

(if it is related to vasculitis, steroids can help)

36
Q

cerebral amyloid angiopathy can cause […] hemorrhage

A

intraparenchymal

37
Q

vascular dementia causes a […] dementia pattern

A

subcortical

38
Q

key that dementia is vascular

A

abnormalities on elementary neurological examination

39
Q

principles of stroke prevention [3]

A

risk factor control
antithombotic
carotid artery stenting/endarterectomy

40
Q

what brain locations are associated with agnosia?

A

perceptual sensory areas of the brain

41
Q

most common abnormal protein aggregation associated with frontotemporal dementia

A

Tau

42
Q

what do multiple subcortical hyper intensities on T2 weighted MRI tell you?

A

patient has increased risk of having vascular dementia, but not all patients with this finding have significant cognitive defects

43
Q

disorientation in familiar areas can indicate

A

moderate dementia

44
Q

a waxing and waning level of alertness is indicative of

A

delirium or encephalopathy

45
Q

memorizing a sequence of numbers or words and reciting them back immediately is an example of […] memory

A

working

46
Q

the ability to remember up to minutes

A

short term memory

47
Q

[…] memory is preserved in Alzheimer’s until late in the course

A

working

48
Q

the ability to use a keyboard is an example of […] memory

A

procedural

49
Q

remembering what you had for breakfast in the morning is an example of […] memory

A

episodic

50
Q

knowing the capital of the state is an example of […] memory

A

semantic

51
Q

[…] dementia involves predominately memory decline, specifically episodic memory (recent events), visuospatial deficits, and loss of executive function

A

Alzheimers

52
Q

characterized by having a temporal relationship between a vascular event and onset of cognitive defects

A

multi-infarct dementic

53
Q

slowed thinking and concentration is a typical feature of […] dementia

A

multi-infarct

54
Q

what cognitive function is NOT tested on the MMSE

A

executive function

55
Q

FDG-PET scan shows hypometabolism in the temporal and parietal regions

A

AD

56
Q

FDG-PET scan shows hypometabolism in the frontal and temporal lobes

A

frontotemporal dementia

57
Q

FDG-PET scan shows hypometabolism in asymmetrical cortical areas

A

multi-infarct dementia

58
Q

FDG-PET scan shows hypometabolism in the parieto-occipital areas

A

lewy body dementia

59
Q

pure hemisensory loss is a […] stroke syndrome and can be localized to the […]

A

lacunar
thalamus

60
Q

Contralateral, involuntary, large flinging movements of the arm or leg

A

hemiballismus

(subthalamic nucleus)

61
Q

what is indicated in the setting of a fib to reduce risk of stroke?

A

warfarin
or other anti-coag

(as long as risk of bleeding does not outweigh benefits dypridamole may be indicated in that case)

62
Q

cerebral amyloid angiopathy can cause […] leading to vascular dementia

A

microhemorrhages

(avoid anti-coags)

63
Q

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used in AD [3]

A

rivastigmine
galantamine
donepezil

64
Q

indicated in AD for symptomatic benefit with memory and cognition

A

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

(rivastigmine galantamine donepezil)

65
Q

side effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

nausea
vomiting
diarrhea
muscle cramps
frequent urination
weight loss
bradycardia
arrhythmias
confusion
fatigue

66
Q

initial evaluations to order in suspected dementia cases [2]

A

driving
home safety

67
Q

APOE4 is associated with […] onset AD

A

late (after 65)

68
Q

signs of AD on brain MRI [3]

A

atrophy in hippocampus
global atrophy
ventricular enlargement

69
Q

atrophy in the parieto-occipital regions on brain MRI

A

lewy body dementia

70
Q

microhemorrhages and white matter disease on brain MRI

A

vascular dementia

71
Q

therapies indicated to slow the progression of AD

A

none

BMB Test 3 (18 decks)

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