B7-060 Learning and Memory Flashcards
where is working memory stored?
diffuse cortex
where is short term memory stored?
limbic circuits
where is long term memory stored?
diffuse cortex (in unimodal association areas)
stored diffusely throughout the cortex and rapidly lost
working memory
stored diffusely throughout the cortex
once stored slowly lost unless cortex is damaged
long term memory
the ability to convert recent experiences to long term memory
short term memory
attention center of the brain
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
memory consolidation occurs through […] in which new neurons and synapses are formed via active remembering
long term potentiation
(NMDA receptors)
memory circuit (Papez)
hippocampus –> fornix —> mammillary nuclei –>anterior thalamic nucleus —> cingulate gyrus —> hippocampus
short-term memory disruption usually requires […] damage to the memory circuits
bilateral
what part of the memory circuit is affected by vitamin B1 deficiency?
both mammillary nuclei
(results in loss of short term memory)
assessment of working memory can be done via [2]
digit span (5-7 numbers)
repeating brief story
assessment of short term memory can be done via [2]
orientation to time and place
remember a list of words for 3 min
assessment of long term memory can be done via
long term recall of
past presidents, significant dates, etc.
diffuse brain problem where short term memory is also affected
delirium
brain problem only affecting memory
isolated amnestic syndrome
midline structural causes of isolated amnestic syndrome [3]
thalamic
large frontal
basilar occlusion
(affecting Papez circuit)
diffuse causes of isolated amnestic syndrome [3]
thiamine deficiency
anoxia
trauma
(affecting Papez circuit)
sudden onset of short term memory loss that goes away in a couple of hours
transient global amnesia
severe long term memory deficits
preserved working memory
preserved short term memory
Hollywood amnesia
(dissociative disorder)
early in Alzheimer’s, […] deficits are dominant
short term memory
(pathology affects Hippocampus early)
late in Alzheimer’s, […] deficits are seen due to neo-cortical damage
long term memory
failure to retrieve formerly learned information following an event
retrograde amnesia
failure to form new retrievable memory following an event
anterograde amnesia
due to acute or chronic thiamine deficiency
Wernicke’s encephalopathy/Korsakoff’s psychosis
Wernicke’s encephalopathy/Korsakoff’s psychosis causes persistent lesions of [2]
dorsal medial thalamic nuclei
mammilary bodies
(persistent deficit)
little to no acquisition of new memories
impaired retrieval of old memories
confabulation
Korsakoff’s psychosis
field visual cut and short term memory issues
top of the basilar occlusion
mechanism for transferring information from working memory to long term memory
short term memory
declarative memories are […]
conscious
non-declarative memories are […]
unconsious
remembering the names of friends is […] memory
declarative
remembering how to ride a bike or drive a car is […] memory
non-declarative
long-term memories are located
diffusely throughout the cortex
the […] is responsible for the transferring of working memory to long term memory
hippocampus
attention center of the brain
dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex
directs other areas of the brain to continuously recall or rehearse an item of information
dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex
long-term memories are stored by the strengthening of […] throughout the cortex involved in that memory
synaptic connections
long-term potentiation of memories is mediated by the […] receptor
NMDA
describe the mechanism responsible for long term memory
long term potentiation of synaptic circuits
loss of short term memory requires dysfunction of
bilateral Papez circuits
evidence of dysfunction in one cognitive domain, such as short-term memory, is called
mild cognitive impairment
bilateral lesions of the hippocampus would result in
anterograde amnesia
(no new memories formed, seen in AD)
