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M&M Test 1 > B6-010 Joints and Imaging > Flashcards

B6-010 Joints and Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

only attachment of upper limb to axial skeleton

A

sternoclavicular joint

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2
Q

movement of this physiologic joint aids in elevation of the upper extremity

A

scapulothoracic joint

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3
Q

for upper limb elevation, there is 120 degrees of […] abduction, and an additional 25 degrees at the […] to complete abduction

A

glenohumoral
sternoclacvicular

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4
Q

what muscles attach to the coracoid process? [3]

A

short head of the biceps brachii
coracobrachialis
pectoralis minor

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5
Q

ligaments of the sternoclavivular joint [4]

A

anterior sternoclavicular
posterior sternoclavicular
interclavicular
costoclavicular

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6
Q

what ligament prevents excessive elevation of the clavicle?

A

costoclavicular

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7
Q

what nerves may cause pain in the arcomioclavicular joint? [3]

A

axillary
lateral pectoral
supraclavicular

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8
Q

what is the movement of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

rotation

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9
Q

fibrocartilage disc encircling glenoid fossa

A

glenoid labrum

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10
Q

the superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments can only be viewed

A

internally

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11
Q

what ligament helps prevent superior shoulder dislocations?

A

coracoacromial

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12
Q

the tendon of the [….] passes between the greater and lesser tubercles

A

long head of biceps

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13
Q

the [….] ligament crosses between the greater and lesser tubercles, keeping the long head of the biceps between them

A

transverse humeral

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14
Q

where does the tendon of the long head of biceps attach?

A

supraglenoid tubercle

some fibers also attach to labrum

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15
Q

occurs when great force is applied to the biceps
or in athletes with repetitive abduction and external rotation (pitchers)

A

SLAP tear of glenoid labrum

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16
Q

common tears seen at the labrum with SLAP injury [2]

A

superior anterior
superior posterior

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17
Q

if this bursa becomes inflamed, it causes tenderness at the point of the shoulder and individual will not want to move limb

A

subacromial

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18
Q

what two boney structures provide lateral humeral-radial articulation?

A

capitulum of humerus
head of radius

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19
Q

what two boney structures provide medial humeral-ulnar articulation?

A

trochlea of humerus
trochlear notch of ulna

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20
Q

joint formed by radial head and radial notch of ulna

A

proximal radial ulnar joint

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21
Q

what joints allows for supination and pronation of the elbow?

A

proximal/distal radial-ulnar joint

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22
Q

fossa on posterior aspect of humerus

A

olecranon

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23
Q

fossa on anterior aspect of humerus

A

coronoid

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24
Q

the […] is where the biceps attaches distally

A

radial tuberoscity

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25
Q

at what point do we get the movements of pronation and supination?

A

point of radial tuberoscity

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26
Q

pain at the elbow joint is provided by what nerves? [3]

A

musculocutaneous
radial
ulnar

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27
Q

attaches humerus to radius

A

radial collateral ligament

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28
Q

attaches humerus to ulna

A

ulnar collateral ligament

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29
Q

what ligament is repaired in Tommy-Johns surgery?

A

ulnar collateral

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30
Q

ligament that goes around the head of the radius

A

annular ligament

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31
Q

what ligament keeps the radial head in the notch of the radius during pronation and supination?

A

annular ligament

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32
Q

how to reduce radial head subluxation

A

thumb on head of radius, flex/supinate until it pops back in

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33
Q

determine the age of the patient in each xray

A

A. 2
B. 5
C. 5-6
D. 12

**bones will not fuse until puberty

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34
Q

the distal radio- ulnar joint allows for what movement?

A

supination and pronation

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35
Q

the radius articulates with what carpal bones to form the radio-carpal joint? [3]

A

scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum

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36
Q

an articular disc lies between the distal ulna and the

A

triquetrum

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37
Q

does the ulna participate in the radio-carpal joint?

A

no

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38
Q

what allows the thumb its movement pattern?

A

saddle joint of CMC

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39
Q

the scapulothoracic is an example of a […] joint

A

physiologic

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40
Q

what ligament prevents excessive elevation of the clavicle?

A

costoclavicular

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41
Q

what ligaments reinforce the sternoclavicular joint?

A

anterior and posterior sternoclavicular

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42
Q

what ligament strengthens the AC joint superiorly?

A

acromioclavicular

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43
Q

what ligaments anchor the clavicle in the AC joint?

A

coracoclaviculars

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44
Q

hilton’s law

A

any muscle that acts on the joint will send articular nerve branches to supply the joint

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45
Q

nerves that supply the sternoclavicular joint [2]

A

supraclavicular
subclavius

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46
Q

nerves that supply the glenohumeral joint [3]

A

axillary
suprascapular
lateral pectoral

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47
Q

nerves that supply the elbow joint [3]

A

musculocutaneous
ulnar
radial

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48
Q

forceful eccentric traction on the […] can tear the glenoid labrum

A

biceps brachii

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49
Q

muscles responsible for flexion of the arm [4]

A

pectoralis major
anterior head of deltoid
coracobrachialis
biceps brachii

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50
Q

responsible for extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm

A

latissimus dorsi

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51
Q

responsible for extension and lateral rotation of the arm

A

posterior deltoid

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52
Q

responsible for adduction and medial rotation of the arm

A

teres major

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53
Q

what joints produce the movements of pronation and supination?

A

proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

54
Q

formed by articulation of the radial head with the radial notch of the ulna

A

proximal radio-ulnar joint

55
Q

formed by head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius

A

distal radio-ulnar joint

56
Q

formed by head of humerus with glenoid cavity

A

glenohumeral joint

57
Q

formed by articulation of trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna

A

humeral-ulnar joint

58
Q

permits flexion and extension of the elbow

A

humeral-ulnar joint

59
Q

what bones form the radiocarpal joint?

A

radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum

60
Q

what joint permits flexion, extension abduction and adduction of the hand?

A

radiocarpal

61
Q

the saddle joint of the thumb is formed between the […] and [..]

A

trapezium and 1st metacarpal

62
Q

allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction of the thumb

A

CMC of thumb

63
Q

connects the radius and ulna and forms a syndesmosis joint

A

interosseus membrane

64
Q

forms the anterior boundary of carpal tunnel

A

flexor retinaculum

65
Q

transmits forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton

A

clavicle

66
Q

what muscles attach to the corocoid process [3]

A

coracobrachialis
short head of biceps
pec minor

67
Q

.

A

separation of AC joint

68
Q

what structures are in danger of being damaged by this? [2]

A

acromioclavicular ligament
coracoclavicular ligament

69
Q

what is your diagnosis?

A

clavicle fracture

70
Q

what accounts for the presentation of bone?

A

sternocleidomastoid is pulling up the proximal piece
the AC joint and gravity is pulling down the distal part

71
Q

what structures could be damaged by this injury? [3]

A

-traction on the lower trunk of the brachial plexus due to proximity to first rib
-subclavian artery
-subclavian vein

72
Q

what is the diagnosis?

A

glenohumoral dislocation

73
Q

what structures are in danger of being damaged? [5]

A

axillary nerve
posterior circumflex a
glenoid labrum
long head of biceps
glenohumoral ligaments

74
Q

-abduction of the arm is painful
-palpation of deltoid produces exquisite pain
-intermuscular inflammation over the head of humerus

A

subacromial bursitis

75
Q

most commonly torn rotator cuff muscle

A

suprasinatus

76
Q

lies in the intertubercular groove of the humerus

A

long head of biceps brachii

77
Q

what movements happen at radiocapitellar joint and ulnotrochlear joint?

A

flexion/extension

78
Q

what movement happens at the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

supination/pronation

79
Q

[…] of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius

A

capitellum

80
Q

trochlea of the humerus articulates with the […] of the ulna

A

coronoid process

81
Q

what muscle attaches to the olecranon?

A

tricep

82
Q

what muscle attaches to the radial tuberoscity and what movement does it provide?

A

biceps -provides supination

83
Q

what is the location of cubital tunnel?

A

medial epicondyle
flexor carpi ulnaris

84
Q

what nerve passes though the cubital tunnel?

A

ulnar

85
Q

what does the patient complain of in cubital tunnel syndrome?

A

abnormal sensation in 4-5 digits both dorsal and ventral
hypothenar atrophy
weakness in intrinsic muscles of hand

86
Q

what muscles attach to the medial epicondyle?

A

common flexor tendons

87
Q

what muscles attach to the lateral epicondyle?

A

common extensor tendons

**except extensor carpi radialis and brachioradialis

88
Q

chronic inflammation in the medial epicondyle would result in

A

medial epicondylitis (pitchers elbow)

89
Q

chronic inflammation in the lateral epicondyle would result in

A

lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)

90
Q

where do extensor carpi radialis and brachioradialis attach?

A

suprachondylar ridge

91
Q

identify the carpal bones

A
92
Q

what is in the encircled space?

A

articular disc

93
Q

what bones create the radiocarpal joint?

A

radius
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum

94
Q

what carpal bone is next to the thumb?

A

trapezium

95
Q

what is the diagnosis?

A

Colles fracture (dorsal distal radius fracture)

96
Q

what is a Smith fracture?

A

ventrally displaced distal radius fracture

97
Q

How can you tell quickly if median nerve is intact?

A

“OK” sign

98
Q

how can you tell quickly is ulnar nerve is intact?

A

ab and adduct finger

99
Q

how can you quickly tell if radial nerve is intact?

A

sensation to back of hand
wrist extension intact

100
Q

what are sesamoid bones?

A

bones that form in tendons and help mechanics and prevent rubbing

101
Q

why is a scaphoid fracture problematic?

A

receives retrograde blood supply from the radial a., potential for necrosis and nonunion

102
Q

if the lunate bone dislocates, it can compress […] nerve

A

median

103
Q

whats a boxer’s fracture?

A

fracture of 5th metacarpal head

104
Q

a boxer’s fracture is commonly caused by a

A

hit with a closed fist

105
Q

what type of fracture involves compression and the posterior displacement of the distal radius?

A

Colles

106
Q

borders of the anatomical snuffbox

A

laterally: extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus
medial: extensor pollicis longus

107
Q

the floor of the anatomical snuffbox is crossed by the […] artery

A

radial

108
Q

long head of the biceps brachii tendonitis presents as pain in the […] shoulder

A

anterior

109
Q

pain from 50-120 degrees of abduction of arm during both passive and active motion is indicative of

A

subacromial bursitis

“painful arch snydrome”

110
Q

thickening of the extensor pollicis brevis and longus tendons due to inflammation

A

De Quervain tendinopathy

111
Q

pain on radial side of wrist and thumb while holding objects, and with ulnar deviation

A

De Quervain tendinopathy

112
Q

avulsion of the extensor digitorum tendon

A

mallet finger

113
Q

progressive fibrosis of the palmar fascia

A

Dupuytrens

114
Q

disparity in fibrous flexor sheath

A

trigger finger

115
Q

identify A-D

A

a. deltoid
b. acromion
c. supraspinatus
d. subscapularis

116
Q

binds the end of the ulna and radius together distally

A

articular disc

117
Q

the major supporting structure of the distal radio-ulnar joint

A

articular disc

118
Q

separates the cavity of the distal radio-ulnar joint from the cavity of the wrist

A

articular disc

119
Q

partial subluxation of the proximal radioulnar joint

A

nursemaids elbow (radial head subluxation)

120
Q

fracture commonly seen in golfer’s due to the positioning of the proximal aspect of the golf club in their grip

A

fractured hamate

121
Q

largest carpal bone

A

capitate

122
Q

what carpal bone articulates with the third metacarpal?

A

capitate

123
Q

carpal between scaphoid and triquetrum

A

lunate

124
Q

most commonly dislocated carpal bone

A

lunate

125
Q

pea-shaped sesamoid bone that lies on the palmar aspect of the triquetrum

A

pisiform

126
Q

most commonly fractured carpal bone

A

scaphoid

127
Q

injury seen after an individual improperly punches a solid object with a clenched fist

A

fracture of the fifth metacarpal

“boxers fracture”

128
Q

the […] nerve passes between the heads of pronator teres

A

median

129
Q

the […] nerve enters the supinator and continues as […] which can be entrapped by the supinator

A

deep branch of radial
posterior interosseus

130
Q

deep and superficial branches of […] pass through Guyon’s

A

ulnar nerve

131
Q

the musculocutaneous nerve passes through […] and can become entrapped there

A

coracobrachialis

132
Q

what two tendons form the anatomical snuffbox?

A

extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus

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