B6-010 Joints and Imaging Flashcards
1
Q
only attachment of upper limb to axial skeleton
A
sternoclavicular joint
2
Q
movement of this physiologic joint aids in elevation of the upper extremity
A
scapulothoracic joint
3
Q
for upper limb elevation, there is 120 degrees of […] abduction, and an additional 25 degrees at the […] to complete abduction
A
glenohumoral
sternoclacvicular
4
Q
what muscles attach to the coracoid process? [3]
A
short head of the biceps brachii
coracobrachialis
pectoralis minor
5
Q
ligaments of the sternoclavivular joint [4]
A
anterior sternoclavicular
posterior sternoclavicular
interclavicular
costoclavicular
6
Q
what ligament prevents excessive elevation of the clavicle?
A
costoclavicular
7
Q
what nerves may cause pain in the arcomioclavicular joint? [3]
A
axillary
lateral pectoral
supraclavicular
8
Q
what is the movement of the acromioclavicular joint?
A
rotation
9
Q
fibrocartilage disc encircling glenoid fossa
A
glenoid labrum
10
Q
the superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments can only be viewed
A
internally
11
Q
what ligament helps prevent superior shoulder dislocations?
A
coracoacromial
12
Q
the tendon of the [….] passes between the greater and lesser tubercles
A
long head of biceps
13
Q
the [….] ligament crosses between the greater and lesser tubercles, keeping the long head of the biceps between them
A
transverse humeral
14
Q
where does the tendon of the long head of biceps attach?
A
supraglenoid tubercle
some fibers also attach to labrum
15
Q
occurs when great force is applied to the biceps
or in athletes with repetitive abduction and external rotation (pitchers)
A
SLAP tear of glenoid labrum
16
Q
common tears seen at the labrum with SLAP injury [2]
A
superior anterior
superior posterior
17
Q
if this bursa becomes inflamed, it causes tenderness at the point of the shoulder and individual will not want to move limb
A
subacromial
18
Q
what two boney structures provide lateral humeral-radial articulation?
A
capitulum of humerus
head of radius
19
Q
what two boney structures provide medial humeral-ulnar articulation?
A
trochlea of humerus
trochlear notch of ulna
20
Q
joint formed by radial head and radial notch of ulna
A
proximal radial ulnar joint
21
Q
what joints allows for supination and pronation of the elbow?
A
proximal/distal radial-ulnar joint
22
Q
fossa on posterior aspect of humerus
A
olecranon
23
Q
fossa on anterior aspect of humerus
A
coronoid
24
Q
the […] is where the biceps attaches distally
A
radial tuberoscity
25
at what point do we get the movements of pronation and supination?
point of radial tuberoscity
26
pain at the elbow joint is provided by what nerves? [3]
musculocutaneous
radial
ulnar
27
attaches humerus to radius
radial collateral ligament
28
attaches humerus to ulna
ulnar collateral ligament
29
what ligament is repaired in Tommy-Johns surgery?
ulnar collateral
30
ligament that goes around the head of the radius
annular ligament
31
what ligament keeps the radial head in the notch of the radius during pronation and supination?
annular ligament
32
how to reduce radial head subluxation
thumb on head of radius, flex/supinate until it pops back in
33
determine the age of the patient in each xray
A. 2
B. 5
C. 5-6
D. 12
**bones will not fuse until puberty
34
the distal radio- ulnar joint allows for what movement?
supination and pronation
35
the radius articulates with what carpal bones to form the radio-carpal joint? [3]
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
36
an articular disc lies between the distal ulna and the
triquetrum
37
does the ulna participate in the radio-carpal joint?
no
38
what allows the thumb its movement pattern?
saddle joint of CMC
39
the scapulothoracic is an example of a [...] joint
physiologic
40
what ligament prevents excessive elevation of the clavicle?
costoclavicular
41
what ligaments reinforce the sternoclavicular joint?
anterior and posterior sternoclavicular
42
what ligament strengthens the AC joint superiorly?
acromioclavicular
43
what ligaments anchor the clavicle in the AC joint?
coracoclaviculars
44
hilton's law
any muscle that acts on the joint will send articular nerve branches to supply the joint
45
nerves that supply the sternoclavicular joint [2]
supraclavicular
subclavius
46
nerves that supply the glenohumeral joint [3]
axillary
suprascapular
lateral pectoral
47
nerves that supply the elbow joint [3]
musculocutaneous
ulnar
radial
48
forceful eccentric traction on the [...] can tear the glenoid labrum
biceps brachii
49
muscles responsible for flexion of the arm [4]
pectoralis major
anterior head of deltoid
coracobrachialis
biceps brachii
50
responsible for extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm
latissimus dorsi
51
responsible for extension and lateral rotation of the arm
posterior deltoid
52
responsible for adduction and medial rotation of the arm
teres major
53
what joints produce the movements of pronation and supination?
proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints
54
formed by articulation of the radial head with the radial notch of the ulna
proximal radio-ulnar joint
55
formed by head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius
distal radio-ulnar joint
56
formed by head of humerus with glenoid cavity
glenohumeral joint
57
formed by articulation of trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
humeral-ulnar joint
58
permits flexion and extension of the elbow
humeral-ulnar joint
59
what bones form the radiocarpal joint?
radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum
60
what joint permits flexion, extension abduction and adduction of the hand?
radiocarpal
61
the saddle joint of the thumb is formed between the [...] and [..]
trapezium and 1st metacarpal
62
allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction of the thumb
CMC of thumb
63
connects the radius and ulna and forms a syndesmosis joint
interosseus membrane
64
forms the anterior boundary of carpal tunnel
flexor retinaculum
65
transmits forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton
clavicle
66
what muscles attach to the corocoid process [3]
coracobrachialis
short head of biceps
pec minor
67
.
separation of AC joint
68
what structures are in danger of being damaged by this? [2]
acromioclavicular ligament
coracoclavicular ligament
69
what is your diagnosis?
clavicle fracture
70
what accounts for the presentation of bone?
sternocleidomastoid is pulling up the proximal piece
the AC joint and gravity is pulling down the distal part
71
what structures could be damaged by this injury? [3]
-traction on the lower trunk of the brachial plexus due to proximity to first rib
-subclavian artery
-subclavian vein
72
what is the diagnosis?
glenohumoral dislocation
73
what structures are in danger of being damaged? [5]
axillary nerve
posterior circumflex a
glenoid labrum
long head of biceps
glenohumoral ligaments
74
-abduction of the arm is painful
-palpation of deltoid produces exquisite pain
-intermuscular inflammation over the head of humerus
subacromial bursitis
75
most commonly torn rotator cuff muscle
suprasinatus
76
lies in the intertubercular groove of the humerus
long head of biceps brachii
77
what movements happen at radiocapitellar joint and ulnotrochlear joint?
flexion/extension
78
what movement happens at the proximal radioulnar joint?
supination/pronation
79
[...] of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius
capitellum
80
trochlea of the humerus articulates with the [...] of the ulna
coronoid process
81
what muscle attaches to the olecranon?
tricep
82
what muscle attaches to the radial tuberoscity and what movement does it provide?
biceps -provides supination
83
what is the location of cubital tunnel?
medial epicondyle
flexor carpi ulnaris
84
what nerve passes though the cubital tunnel?
ulnar
85
what does the patient complain of in cubital tunnel syndrome?
abnormal sensation in 4-5 digits both dorsal and ventral
hypothenar atrophy
weakness in intrinsic muscles of hand
86
what muscles attach to the medial epicondyle?
common flexor tendons
87
what muscles attach to the lateral epicondyle?
common extensor tendons
**except extensor carpi radialis and brachioradialis
88
chronic inflammation in the medial epicondyle would result in
medial epicondylitis (pitchers elbow)
89
chronic inflammation in the lateral epicondyle would result in
lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
90
where do extensor carpi radialis and brachioradialis attach?
suprachondylar ridge
91
identify the carpal bones
92
what is in the encircled space?
articular disc
93
what bones create the radiocarpal joint?
radius
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
94
what carpal bone is next to the thumb?
trapezium
95
what is the diagnosis?
Colles fracture (dorsal distal radius fracture)
96
what is a Smith fracture?
ventrally displaced distal radius fracture
97
How can you tell quickly if median nerve is intact?
"OK" sign
98
how can you tell quickly is ulnar nerve is intact?
ab and adduct finger
99
how can you quickly tell if radial nerve is intact?
sensation to back of hand
wrist extension intact
100
what are sesamoid bones?
bones that form in tendons and help mechanics and prevent rubbing
101
why is a scaphoid fracture problematic?
receives retrograde blood supply from the radial a., potential for necrosis and nonunion
102
if the lunate bone dislocates, it can compress [...] nerve
median
103
whats a boxer's fracture?
fracture of 5th metacarpal head
104
a boxer's fracture is commonly caused by a
hit with a closed fist
105
what type of fracture involves compression and the posterior displacement of the distal radius?
Colles
106
borders of the anatomical snuffbox
laterally: extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus
medial: extensor pollicis longus
107
the floor of the anatomical snuffbox is crossed by the [...] artery
radial
108
long head of the biceps brachii tendonitis presents as pain in the [...] shoulder
anterior
109
pain from 50-120 degrees of abduction of arm during **both** passive and active motion is indicative of
subacromial bursitis
"painful arch snydrome"
110
thickening of the extensor pollicis brevis and longus tendons due to inflammation
De Quervain tendinopathy
111
pain on radial side of wrist and thumb while holding objects, and with ulnar deviation
De Quervain tendinopathy
112
avulsion of the extensor digitorum tendon
mallet finger
113
progressive fibrosis of the palmar fascia
Dupuytrens
114
disparity in fibrous flexor sheath
trigger finger
115
identify A-D
a. deltoid
b. acromion
c. supraspinatus
d. subscapularis
116
binds the end of the ulna and radius together distally
articular disc
117
the major supporting structure of the distal radio-ulnar joint
articular disc
118
separates the cavity of the distal radio-ulnar joint from the cavity of the wrist
articular disc
119
partial subluxation of the proximal radioulnar joint
nursemaids elbow (radial head subluxation)
120
fracture commonly seen in golfer's due to the positioning of the proximal aspect of the golf club in their grip
fractured hamate
121
largest carpal bone
capitate
122
what carpal bone articulates with the third metacarpal?
capitate
123
carpal between scaphoid and triquetrum
lunate
124
most commonly dislocated carpal bone
lunate
125
pea-shaped sesamoid bone that lies on the palmar aspect of the triquetrum
pisiform
126
most commonly fractured carpal bone
scaphoid
127
injury seen after an individual improperly punches a solid object with a clenched fist
fracture of the fifth metacarpal
"boxers fracture"
128
the [...] nerve passes between the heads of pronator teres
median
129
the [...] nerve enters the supinator and continues as [...] which can be entrapped by the supinator
deep branch of radial
posterior interosseus
130
deep and superficial branches of [...] pass through Guyon's
ulnar nerve
131
the musculocutaneous nerve passes through [...] and can become entrapped there
coracobrachialis
132
what two tendons form the anatomical snuffbox?
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
