B5a- Skeletons Flashcards
What are the roles of the skeleton?
- To Support the body and allow it to move
2. To protect vital organs
What is an internal skeleton?
skeleton inside the body
What are some examples of animals with internal skeletons(vertebrates)?
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals
What are the advantages of an internal skeleton?
- Can easily grow with the body
- Easy to attach muscles to it
- More flexible than an external skeleton
- Gives the body support and provides a framework
What is an external skeleton?
Skeleton outside the body
What is an insects external skeleton made out of?
Chitin
What are bones made up of?
Living cells meaning they can grow and repair themselves
What are the advantages of having hollow bones?
They are lighter and stronger than solid bones
What is cartilage?
Living tissue
How can you tell someone is still growing?
If there is lots of cartilage present
What is ossification?
Cartilage being turnt into bone
Describe the process of Ossification.
Blood vessels deposit calcium and phosphorus in the cartilage
What is Osteoporosis?
A condition where calcium is lost from the bones making them softer and brittle
Why is it important to not move anyone with a fracture?
A broken bone can damage nearby tissue
Describe the movement of a ball and socket joint.
Can move in all directions and rotate
Describe the movement of a hinge joint.
Can go backwards and forwards
What are some examples of a ball and socket joint?
Hip and shoulder
What are some examples of hinge joints?
Knee and elbow
What does the synovial membrane do?
Releases synovial fluid
What does synovial fluid do?
Lubricates joints so they can move easier
What does the cartilage do?
Stops bones rubbing together/ acts as a shock absorber
What do the ligaments do?
Hold the bones together
What are atagonistic pairs?
Muscles which come in pairs and that have opposite movements
How do the biceps and triceps work to bend the arm?
The biceps contracts and pulls the lower arm upwards and the triceps relax
