B3b-proteins And Mutations Flashcards

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1
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Long chains of amino acids

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2
Q

What are structural proteins?

A

Physically strong
Eg
Collagen
Strengthens connective tissues

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3
Q

What are hormones?

A

Proteins
Carry messages around the body
Eg
Insulin

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4
Q

What are carrier molecules?

A

Transport smaller molecules
Eg
Haemoglobin

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5
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Control cell reactions

Proteins

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6
Q

How are proteins made?

A
  • amino acids coded for by a sequence of three bases in gene

- amino acids put together make a protein

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7
Q

What is a biological catalyst?

A

Substance that speeds up a reaction

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8
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

-catalyse chemical reactions in living cells (respiration,photosynthesis)

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9
Q

How do enzymes have a high specificity for their substrate?

A

They usually only work with one substrate

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10
Q

What is the lock and key mechanism?

A
  • substrate fits into active site of enzyme
  • reaction catalysed
  • enzyme unchanged after reaction
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11
Q

How do temperatures affect enzyme activity?

A
  • low temperatures : lower collision rate, slower reaction

- high temperatures: enzymes and substrate have more energy, higher collision rate

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12
Q

Why do enzymes have an optimum temperature?

A
  • If its too hot bonds golding enzymes will break

- enzymes denature

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13
Q

How does pH affect enzymes?

A

If its too high or low it interferes with bonds holding the enzyme together
Denatures it

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14
Q

What are sone examples of proteins?

A

Collagen
Insulin
Haemoglobin

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15
Q

What is Q10?

A

Shows how rate of reaction changes temperature

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16
Q

What is the equation for Q10?

A

Q10 = rate at higher temperature / rate at lower temperature

17
Q

How does a mutation alter the production of a protein?

A

-mutation change in DNA base sequence
-mutation could stop the production of the protein the gene normally codes for
Or produce a different protein