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Biology > B1h-variation And Inheritance > Flashcards

B1h-variation And Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are chromosomes held?

A

In the nucleus

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2
Q

What is a gene?

A

A short length of a chromosome that controls inherited characteristics

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3
Q

How many chromosomes do body cells have?

A

46 (23 pairs)

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4
Q

How many chromosomes do gametes have?

A

23

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5
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different versions of the same gene

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6
Q

What are the causes of genetic variation?

A

-gamete formation
Making sperm and eggs
chromosomes shuffled

-fertilisation
Sperm and egg join to form a new cell with 46 chromosomes

-mutations
Changes to the genes

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7
Q

What human characteristics are a result of both environment and inheritance?

A

Intelligence
Body mass
Height

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8
Q

When are dominant alleles expressed?

A

When they are present

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9
Q

When are recessive alleles expressed?

A

When the dominant allele is absent

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10
Q

What is a monohybrid cross?

A

When you breed two organisms together to look at a characteristic thats controlled by one gene

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11
Q

What is homozygous?

A

Two identical alleles

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12
Q

What is heterozygous?

A

Two different alleles

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13
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The genetic makeup

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14
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The characteristics expressed

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15
Q

What are some examples of inherited disorders?

A

Red green colour blindness
Sickle cell anaemia
Cystic fibrosis

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16
Q

What are inherited disorders caused by?

A

Faulty alleles, mostly recessive

17
Q

What chromosomes do men have?

A

XY

18
Q

What chromosomes do women have?

A

XX

19
Q

What issues are raised by knowledge of inherited disorders in a family?

A

All family members tested?
Should someone have children if their at risk?
Should you terminate pregnancy if test is positive?

20
Q

When are dominant alleles expressed?

A

When they are present

21
Q

When are recessive alleles expressed?

A

When the dominant allele is absent

22
Q

What is a monohybrid cross?

A

When you breed two organisms together to look at a characteristic thats controlled by one gene

23
Q

What is homozygous?

A

Two identical alleles

24
Q

What is heterozygous?

A

Two different alleles

25
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The genetic makeup

26
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The characteristics expressed

27
Q

What are some examples of inherited disorders?

A

Red green colour blindness
Sickle cell anaemia
Cystic fibrosis

28
Q

What are inherited disorders caused by?

A

Faulty alleles, mostly recessive

29
Q

What chromosomes do men have?

A

XY

30
Q

What chromosomes do women have?

A

XX

31
Q

What issues are raised by knowledge of inherited disorders in a family?

A

All family members tested?
Should someone have children if their at risk?
Should you terminate pregnancy if test is positive?

Biology (35 decks)

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