B1c-staying healthy

Question 1

What disease does fungi cause?

Answer 1

Athletes foot

Question 2

What disease do viruses cause?

Answer 2

Flu

Question 3

What diseases do bacteria cause?

Answer 3

Cholera

Question 4

What disease do protozoa cause?

Answer 4

Malaria

Question 5

What is a parasite and a host?

Answer 5

A parasite lives off another organism called a host

Question 6

What is a vector?

Answer 6

Organisms that carry disease without getting it themselves eg mosquito

Question 7

What ways can we reduce the spread of malaria?

Answer 7

• areas of water where mosquitos lay eggs can be drained or sprayed with insecticides
• fish introduced into water to eat mosquito larvae
• mosquito nets

Question 8

What are the human body defense systems?

Answer 8

• skin provides a barrier
• blood clotting prevents entry of pathogens
• pathogens are trapped by mucus in airways
• hydrochloric acid in stomach kills pathogens

Question 9

What are infectious diseases caused by?

Answer 9

Pathogens which are microorganisms

Question 10

What is the difference between infectious and non infectious diseases?

Answer 10

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens and can be spread.
Non infectious diseases cannot be spread and are not transmitted by a pathogen

Question 11

What are some lifestyle choices that reduce your chance of getting cancer?

Answer 11

• not smoking
• eating less processed meat
• eating more fibre

Question 12

What is the difference between benign and malignant tumours?

Answer 12

Benign grows until there is no more room, cells stay where they are
Malignant grow and spread to other sites of body

Question 13

What happens to pathogens that enter the body?

Answer 13

• engulfed by white blood cells

- destroyed by antibodies

Question 14

What do antibodies do?

Answer 14

Lock onto antigens leading to the death of the pathogens

Question 15

What is passive immunity?

Answer 15

When you receive antibodies eg doctor giving injections

Question 16

What is active immunity?

Answer 16

When the human body makes its own antibodies

Question 17

What are antibiotics?

Answer 17

Drugs used to kill bacteria

Question 18

What are antivirals?

Answer 18

Drugs used against viruses

Question 19

Why are specific antibodies needed for antigens?

Answer 19

• Every pathogen has unique molecules on the surface (antigens)
• body produces antigens which will lock on to that specific pathogen

Question 20

What is the process of immunisation?

Answer 20

1) harmless pathogen given which carries antigens
2) antigens trigger immune response by white blood cells which produce antibodies
3) immunity remains(memory cells produced)

Question 21

What are the benefits of immunisation?

Answer 21

• stops you from getting ill

- diseases wont be spread as easily

Question 22

What are the risks of immunisation?

Answer 22

• swelling and redness around site
• feeling under the weather
• cause other disorders

Question 23

Why is careful use needed for antibiotics?

Answer 23

-prevent resistant strains, not being killed by certain antibiotics

Question 24

What is the order new treatments are tested?

Answer 24

Computer models
Human tissue
Animals

Question 25

What is a double blind trial?

Answer 25

Both doctor and patient don't know which drug is real

Question 26

What is a placebo?

Answer 26

Fake version of drug

Question 27

Why are double blind trials used?

Answer 27

So doctors can treat each patient the same

Question 28

Why are new drugs tested against the best existing treatment rather than a placebo?

Answer 28

This tells scientists how well the new drug compares to what we already have