B5

Question 1

Communicable diseases

Answer 1

They are caused by pathogens such as bacteria and virus, that can be passed from person to person.

Question 2

Non-communicable diseases

Answer 2

They can’t be transmitted from person to person

Question 3

Bacteria

Answer 3

Pathogenic bacteria are the minority - but they are significant because of the major effects they can have on individuals society.

Question 4

Viruses

Answer 4

Viruses are smaller than bacteria. They usually have regular shapes. Viruses cause diseases in every type of living organisms.

Question 5

How pathogens cause disease?

Answer 5

Bacteria divide rapidly by splitting in two. They produce toxins that affect your body and make you ill. Sometimes they directly damage your cells.

Question 6

How do pathogens cause disease?

Answer 6

Viruses take over cells in your body. They live and reproduce inside the cells, damaging or destroying them.

Question 7

How are pathogens spread?

Answer 7

By air
By direct contact
By water

Question 8

What affects bacterial growth?

Answer 8

Temperature
Available nutrients
Oxygen levels
PH

Question 9

Preventing the spread of communicable diseases.

Answer 9

Washing hands regularly
Using disinfectants for kitchen and other work surfaces
Keep raw meat away from other foods that will be consumed
Coughing and sneezing in a tissue and disposing of it
Get vaccinated

Question 10

What are vaccinations?

Answer 10

The vaccine contains a small and harmless amount of a specific pathogen. This is injected into you, which means your body is exposed to this pathogen. Your body fights the pathogen and retains some antibodies to fight the pathogen again if it is encountered in large amounts.

Question 11

Non-specific body defence mechanisms

Answer 11

Tear ducts - saline solution blocks and caches pathogens and disposes of them
Mucus - catches pathogens and disposes of them
Cilla - hair like cells which trap pathogens
Scabs - prevent pathogens entering when you have cut your skin
Skin - prevents the entering of pathogens to major organs

Question 12

What are Measles?

Answer 12

Measles are a viral disease.
If you have measles, symptoms include fever and a red skin rash.
Measles can be fatal if you are diagnosed with it.

Question 13

How are measles spread?

Answer 13

Measles can quite easily be spread, especially through coughing and sneezing, also it can live for up to 2 hours in an air space after a person is infected

Question 14

What is HIV?

Answer 14

The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Over time they cause AIDS.

Question 15

What causes HIV?

Answer 15

HIV spreads when an infected person’s bodily fluids- including semen, blood, vaginal offloads and breast milk- get into your blood system.

Question 16

What is Tobacco Mosaic Virus?

Answer 16

It is a widespread plant pathogen that affects around 150 species of plants including tomatoes and tobacco plants.

Question 17

How is the Tobacco Mosaic Virus spread?

Answer 17

It is spread by contact between diseased plant material and healthy plants, and insect can act as vectors. The virus can remain infectious in the soil for about 50 years.

Question 18

What is Salmonella?

Answer 18

Salmonella is a bacterial disease that is found in the guts of several animals, such as chickens.

Question 19

How is salmonella transmitted?

Answer 19

Salmonella is transmitted through the consumption of raw meat or poultry or through food that is prepared in unhygienic conditions, such as when raw and cooked meat are handled on the same cutting board.

Question 20

What is Gonorrhoea?

Answer 20

Gonorrhea is an STD caused by bacterium called Neisseria gonorrhoeae that is transmitted through sex. It most commonly affects the mouth, throat, rectum and in females, the cervix. It affects both men and women.

Question 21

How is Gonorrhoea transmitted/spread?

Answer 21

Gonorrhea is spread through sexual intercourse or can be spread by a mother to baby during childbirth. Ejaculation does not have to occur for gonorrhea to be transmitted.

Question 22

What are Rose Black spot?

Answer 22

Rose black spots are fungal diseases. It’s the most serious disease for a rose. It is caused by a fungus, Diplocarpon rosae, which infects the leaves and greatly reduces the plants growth as it decreases the photosynthesis rates decreasing it’s food for growth.The fungus is genetically very diverse and new strains very rapidly.