B4

Question 1

Blood Plasma

Answer 1

Your blood plasma is a yellow liquid. The plasma transports all of your blood cells and some other substances around your body.

Question 2

Red Blood Cells

Answer 2

There are more red blood cells than any other type of blood all in your body - about 5 million in each cubic millimetre of blood. These cells pick up oxygen from the air in your lung and carry it to the cells where it is needed.

Question 3

White blood cells

Answer 3

White blood cells are bigger than red blood cells and there are fewer of them. They have a nucleus and form part of the body’s defence system against harmful microorganisms.

Question 4

Function of Arteries

Answer 4

They carry blood away from the heart to your muscles.

Question 5

Structure of Arteries

Answer 5

They have thick walls containing muscle and elastic fibres.

Question 6

Function of Veins

Answer 6

They carry blood away from the muscles back the heart to be re-oxygenated.

Question 7

Structure of Veins

Answer 7

They have much thinner walls than arteries and often have valves to prevent the back flow of blood.

Question 8

Function of Capillaries

Answer 8

They are ha huge network of tiny vessels linking the arteries and veins, throughout the body. This enables glucose and oxygen to diffuse out of the blood and into the cells.

Question 9

Structure of Capillaries

Answer 9

They are very narrow with thin walls.

Question 10

Pulmonary Artery

Answer 10

Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 11

Vena cava

Answer 11

It carries blood from the deoxygenated body to the heart.

Question 12

Aorta

Answer 12

Carries oxygenated blood to the body.

Question 13

Pulmonary vein

Answer 13

Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Question 14

Left Atrium and ventricle

Answer 14

The cavities in your heart that stores oxygenated blood, while awaiting for the heart to spasm, this is so then the blood can be pumped around the body via the Aorta.

Question 15

Right Ventricle and Atrium

Answer 15

The cavities in your heart that stores deoxygenated blood, while awaiting for the heart to spasm, this is so then the blood can be pumped to the lungs via the Pulmonary Artery, to be re-oxygenated.

Question 16

Stents

Answer 16

These are little metal mesh which is fed from your growing to your canonry heart, which is floppy, or collapsed. They then inflate a balloon to lock the mesh. This gives structure to your artery which may otherwise stop the blood flow to your heart.

Question 17

Statins

Answer 17

Statins are tablets which are prescribed by doctors to anyone who has a high risk of high colestial and slows down the rate at which fatty material is diposotied in the Comanary artery. They are cheep for the NHS and us, but people could over dose.

Question 18

Leaky valves

Answer 18

Valves may become flimsy or stiff due to the high blood pressure at which the human heart and blood system has to work under. Many people have leaky valves but with it not treated it may cause breathing issues, and eventually death.

Question 19

Artificial pacemaker

Answer 19

A pacemaker is a group of cells found in the right atrium which control the beating ay your heart. This is important because if the heart beats too slowly, the body will be starved of oxygen, where as if the heart beats too fast the body cannot pump blood around. If the pacemakers stop working, they can be replaced by an artificial pacemaker this is an electrical device which sends the heart into spasm causing the heart to pump blood. High costs.

Question 20

Artificial Heart

Answer 20

A patient can have an artificial heart if they are waiting for a heart transplant. However, they have to be changed after a few years and there is a high risk of blood clots.

Question 21

Nose and Mouth

Answer 21

Inhales oxygen and respire Carbon dioxide

Question 22

Trachea

Answer 22

A pipe to transport oxygen to the lungs and carbon dioxide back to the mouth or nose to be exhaled out the body.

Question 23

Bronchi

Answer 23

Splits inhaled air equally into both lungs

Question 24

Ribs

Answer 24

Protects the lungs from any injury

Question 25

Lungs

Answer 25

Allows oxygen to entre the body and carbon dioxide to leave the body

Question 26

Alveoli

Answer 26

Allows oxygen to be diffused into the blood stream because

they are one cell thick, which means they have a high surface area to volume ratio.

Question 27

Diaphragm

Answer 27

When you inhale the diaphragm contracts, which creates a vacuum that pull oxygen into the lungs.

Question 28

What does Xylem in a plant do?

Answer 28

Transports water

Question 29

What does Phloem do?

Answer 29

Transports minerals and ions

Question 30

Epidermal tissue

Answer 30

this covers the whole plant

Question 31

Spongy mesophyll tissue

Answer 31

this is also in the leaf, and contains big air spaces to

allow gasses to diffuse in and out of cells.

Question 32

Transpiration

Answer 32

the loss of water vapour from the leaves of plant through the stomata when they are opened to allow gas exchange for photosynthesis

Question 33

What is a potometer?

Answer 33

A piece of equipment to measure the volume of water a plant transpires.

Question 34

How does light intensity affect transpiration?

Answer 34

The brighter the light, the greater the transpiration rate. Stomata begins to close when it gets darker. Photosynthesis can’t happen in the dark, so they don’t need to open to let CO2 in. When the stomata closes, very little water can escape.

Question 35

How does temperature affect transpiration?

Answer 35

the warmer it is, the faster transpiration happens. When it is warm the water particles have more energy to evaporate and diffuse out of the stomata.

Question 36

How does air-flow affect transpiration?

Answer 36

the better the air flow around the leaf, the greater the transpiration rate. If air flow around the leaf is poor, the water vapour just surrounds the leaf and doesn’t move away. This means there is high concentration of water particles outside the leaf as well as inside it , so diffusion does not happen quickly. If there is good air flow, the water vapour is swept away, maintaining a low concentration of water outside the leaf. Diffusion the happens quickly, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 37

How does humidity affect transpiration?

Answer 37

the drier the area around the leaf, the faster the transpiration happens. This is like what happens with air flow. If the air is humid the there is a lot of water init already, so there’s not much of a difference between the inside and outside of the leaf. Diffusion happens fastest if there’s a really high concentraion in one place, and a really low concentration in the other.