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GIR Test 2 > B5-060 Nutrition Metabolism I > Flashcards

B5-060 Nutrition Metabolism I Flashcards

1
Q

impaired absorption of nutrients

A

malabsorption

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2
Q

impaired digestion of nutrients

A

maldigestion

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3
Q

rome IV criteria for IBS

A

recurrent abdominal pain at least 1 day/week with two or more of the following:

  • related to defecation
  • change in stool frequency
  • change in stool form
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4
Q

what symptoms should NOT be associated with IBS

A
  • weight loss
  • rectal bleeding
  • anemia
  • should not be nocturnal or progressive
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5
Q

what carbohydrates are absorbed through NA+ dependent cotransport?

2

A

glucose
galactose

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6
Q

what carbohydrate is absorbed through facillitated diffusion?

A

fructose

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7
Q

carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are absorbed in the

A

small intestine

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8
Q

the surface area for absorption in the small intestine is greatly increased by the

A

brush border

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9
Q

lactose intolerance is due to […] deficiency

A

lactase

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10
Q

what kind of diarrhea does lactose intolerance cause?

A

osmotic diarrhea

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11
Q

malabsorption of sugars greatly mimics

A

IBS

bloating, diarrhea, gas

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12
Q

oligosaccharides are […] sugar units

A

3-10

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13
Q

hydrolyze polysaccarides to monosaccarides in the brush border

A

a-glucosidases

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14
Q

have B-glycosidic bonds and are undigestible

A

fiber

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15
Q

FODMAP

A

Fermentable
Oligo
Di
Monosaccharides
And
Polyols

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16
Q

family of poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates

A

FODMAP

lactose, fructose, fructo/galacto oligosaccharides, polyols

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17
Q

hallmark feature of carbohydrate maldigestion

A

osmotic diarrhea

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18
Q

richest food sources of fructo-oliogsaccharides

4

A

wheat
rye
onion
garlic

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19
Q

richest food sources of galacto-oligosaccharides

A

legumes

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20
Q

richest food sources of fructose

5

A

honey
apples
pears
watermelon
mango

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21
Q

richest food sources of sorbitol

4

A

apples
pears
peaches
sugar free items

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22
Q

richest food sources of mannitol

3

A

mushrooms
cauliflower
sugar free items

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23
Q

what type of fiber is more beneficial for IBS symptoms?

soluble or insoluble

A

soluble (psyllium husk)

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24
Q

what type of fiber are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin?

A

insoluble

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25
Q

what type of fiber are gum, pectin, and mucliage?

A

soluble

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26
Q

what type of fiber functions to increase fecal bulk and decrease transit time?

A

insoluble

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27
Q

food sources of insoluble fiber

2

A

whole grains
vegetables

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28
Q

which type of fiber functions to delay gastric emptying, slow glucose absorption, and decrease blood cholesterol?

A

soluble

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29
Q

food sources of soluble fibers

4

A

fruits
vegetables
psyllium seed
rice bran

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30
Q

the Big Nine food allergens in US

A
  1. milk
  2. eggs
  3. peanuts
  4. tree nuts
  5. soy
  6. fish
  7. shellfish
  8. wheat
  9. sesame
31
Q

resistant to or escape from gastic acid or enzymatic digestion

A

food allergens

32
Q

symptoms of food allergens

3; most common to least common

A
  • GI (70%)
  • cutaneous (24%)
  • respiratory (6%)
33
Q

causes:
lowered bp
respiratory and GI distress
can be fatal

A

anaphylaxis

34
Q

proteins are made up of […] different amino acids, […] of which are essential

35
Q

what makes each amino acid unique?

A

it’s side chain

36
Q

almost all disorders of amino acid transport are inherited in what pattern?

A

autosomal recessive

37
Q
  • deficiency results in the inability to convert trypsinogen to trysin
  • leads to protein malnutrition
A

enterokinase deficiency

38
Q

why do we need protein every day?

A

excess protein cannot be stored as protein

stored as muscle

39
Q
  • fat and lean mass loss
  • edema from low plasma oncotic pressure
  • hair pluckability
  • skin breakdown
A

Kwashiorkor

protein malnutrition

40
Q

what kinds of patients are susceptible to Kwashiorkor?

A

trauma/sepsis patients

41
Q
  • body fat stores have been exhausted due to starvation, muscle wasting follows
  • may figdet a lot in the muscle wasting stage
42
Q

substantial loss of fat and lean body mass in the presence of chronic inflammation and disease

43
Q

in kidney failure, you’d expect to see decreased production of:

A
  • 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (active form of vitamin D)
  • erythropoietin
44
Q

diet for persons with CKD stage 4

general

A
  • 23-35 kcal
  • low protein
  • low sodium
  • no fluid restriction
45
Q

[…] restriction slows the progression of diabetic nephropathy

46
Q

what three things must happen to develop celiac disease?

A
  1. inherit gene
  2. consume gluten
  3. have gene triggered due to stress
47
Q

what HLA haplotype is associated with celiac disease?

A

HLA DQ2/DQ8

48
Q

adverse response to gliadin that triggers immune response

A

celiac disease

49
Q

classic celiac symptom

A

steatorrhea

50
Q

what are the consequences of gliadin ingestion in celiac?

5

A
  • villous atrophy
  • decreased surface area
  • chronic inflammation down regulates transport proteins
  • decreased CCK and secretin -> pancreatic insufficiency
  • bacterial overgrowth
51
Q

persons with celiac disease can get secondary […] due to changes in enzymatic function at the brush border

A

lactase deficiency

52
Q

what should be restricted from the diet while the gut is recovering in celiac disease?

A
  • gluten
  • fat
  • dietary lactose
53
Q

what is required to break down lipids into micelles?

2

A

pancreatic lipase
conjugated bile acids

54
Q

what type of lipids do not require pancreatic lipolysis?

A

medium chain

absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells

55
Q

what causes steatorrhea in the malabsorption of lipids?

2

A

lipase deficiency
maybe also depleted bile acid pool

56
Q

how to correct nutrient deficiencies in pancreatic insufficiency?

2

A

low fat diet
PERT

57
Q

what is causing these malabsorption symptoms?

bloating, gas, explosive diarrhea

A

sugar malabsorption

58
Q

what is causing these malabsorption symptoms?

dry hair, hair loss, fluid retention

A

protein malabsorption

59
Q

what is causing these malabsorption symptoms?

  • light colored, foul smelling stools that are soft and bulky
  • stools may be difficult to flush
A

fat malabsorption

60
Q

is whole wheat a low FODMAP food?

61
Q

single preferred test for detection of celiac disease

A

IgA-TTG test

62
Q

when should testing for celiac disease be performed?

A

while the patient is still on a gluten rich diet

63
Q

what should be done for a patient experiencing extreme weight loss, rectal bleeding, anemia, progressive abdominal pain?

A

colonoscopy

64
Q

if the patient has a positive TTGA, what kind of biopsy can be done?

65
Q

what is the best treatment advice for a newly diagnosed celiac patient?

A

gluten free diet
refer to skilled dietician

66
Q

without diet education, most celiac patients have inadequate intake of

A

B vitamins, iron, fiber

67
Q

transported into intestinal cells by a Na+ dependent cotransport

3

A

galactose
glucose
dipeptides

68
Q

incorporated into micelles

A

fatty acids

69
Q

transported into intestinal cells via facilitated diffusion

70
Q

need to be digested to di or tri peptides to be absorbed

A

oligopeptides

71
Q

need further lipolysis into fatty acids and incorporated into micelles

72
Q

binds to recptors in brush border of the ileum for absorption

A

vitamin B12

73
Q

if a patient reports recurrent GI symptoms after big nine allergens

A

suspect IgE mediated allergy and refer to allergy specialist and GI

74
Q

is skin testing for food allergies productive?

GIR Test 2 (18 decks)

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