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GIR Test 2 > B5-054 Nutrition Metabolism II > Flashcards

B5-054 Nutrition Metabolism II Flashcards

1
Q

proportion of nutrient which the fraction of amount consumed that reaches the systemic circulation

A

bioavailability

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2
Q

fat soluble vitamins require […] for absorption

A

micelles

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3
Q

what minerals are reduced in untreated fat malabsorption?

2

A

Ca
Mg

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4
Q

where is B12 absorbed?

A

ileum

ileus resection

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5
Q

where is Mg absorbed?

A

distal small intestine and colon

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6
Q

iron deficiency increases the absorption of

A

non-heme iron

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7
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK

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8
Q

absorption is dependent on incorporation into micelles

A

fat soluble vitamins
ADEK

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9
Q

[…] deficiency often looks like folate deficiency

A

B12

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10
Q

what causes B12 deficiency?

A

decreased absorption ability
(achlorhydria in elderly)

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11
Q

causes….

  • pernicious anemia
  • nerve degeneration
  • parasthesia
  • paralysis/death
A

B12 deficiency

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12
Q

achlorhydria in eldery typically causes […] deficiency

A

B12

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13
Q

intestinal transport of calcium is regulated by

A

1-25 dihydroxycholecalciferol

vitamin D

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14
Q

Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+ by […] in the lumen

A

ascorbic acid

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15
Q

why is it important to monitor iron in CKD?

A
  • kidney looses ability to transport erythropoietin
  • need adequate iron to supply erythroid cells
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16
Q
  • reactions that form a variety of cellular molecules
  • energy requiring
A

anabolic

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17
Q
  • CHO, protein, and fat oxidized to CO2 and H2O
  • liberated electrons passed to O2 to make ATP
A

catabolic

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18
Q

in muscle and adipose, insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose via the translocation of

A

GLUT4

19
Q

in adipose tissue, insulin increases FA uptake and TAG storage via upregulation of

A

lipoprotein lipase

20
Q

in adipose tissue, insulin decreases lipolysis by downregulation of

A

hormone sensitive lipase

21
Q

where is glucagon synthesized?

A

a cells of pancreas

22
Q

when is glucagon secreted?

A

when circulating glucose is low

sometimes alanine

23
Q

glucagon primary site of action

A

liver

24
Q

increases cAMP levels in the cell

A

glucagon

25
Q

what happens to glucose in the fed state?

A

liver takes it up and stores as glycogen or converts excess to FA

26
Q

what happens to lipids in the fed state?

A
  • packaged into chylomicrons (exogenous)
  • packaged into VLDLs at liver (endogenous)
27
Q

what happens to amino acids in the fed state?

A

processed in liver to make glycogen, fat, or sent to muscle

28
Q

what provides the main source of glucose for the entire body in the early fasted state?

A

liver glycogen

29
Q

[…] from muscle and RBCs becomes an important source of carbons for liver GNG

A

lactate

30
Q

[…] is important to provide pyruvate for GNG

A

alanine cycle

31
Q

glycogen stores are usually depleted by hour […] of fasting

A

24

32
Q

how does the ESRD dialysis diet differ from the CKD diet?

A

fat soluble vitamins are too big to pass through dialyzer membrane
must be monitored carefully

33
Q

[…] is limited in the CKD diet

A

protein

34
Q

after fasting then consuming a large meal, the liver will replenish

A

glycogen stores

35
Q

cleaves lactose to galactose and glucose

A

lactase

36
Q

cleaves sucrose to fructose and glucose

A

sucrase

37
Q

starches are digested by

A

pancreatic a-amylases

38
Q

disaccharides

3

A

maltose
sucrose
lactose

39
Q

converts glucose into pyruvate

A

glycolysis

40
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

glycolysis

41
Q

when does GNG become a major process for maintaining blood glucose?

A

18-20 hours of fasting

42
Q

liver glycogen depletes about […] hours after fasting

A

30

43
Q

insulin stimulates glucose transport into

A

adipose and skeletal muscle

GIR Test 2 (18 decks)

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