B4: Social factors that affect development Flashcards
What is a family
A social group of people, often related genetically, by marriage or by living together as a group
How can being part of a family group help you develop?
- Forming your first emotional relationships and attachments
- Providing first experiences of social interaction
- Helping each other financially or practically
- Supporting each other emotionally
What is a dysfunctional family?
- A family that does not provide all the support and benefits associated with being family, E.g. does not support emotionally
Why may a family become dysfunctional?
- Mental health problems -stress
- Poor housing - stress
- Low income - stress
- Poor parenting skills
- Inconsistent parenting
What are the affects of a dysfunctional family?
- Children may find it hard to develop self confidence
What can parents divorcing cause?
- Emotional distress
- Moodiness
- Depression
- Lack resilience
- May place greater reliance on and being influenced by their peers - this could lead to risky behaviours
- More likely to experience poverty and underachievement in education
What is sibling rivalry?
A child becoming aggressive and displaying bullying behaviour towards other children in the family
What researchers can be linked to sibling rivalry?
Rosenthal and Doherty
What did Rosenthal and Doherty find in their research?
Children who are in a rivalry with their siblings or involved in bullying behaviour have quite often been bullied by their primary caregivers
Why may sibling rivalry happen?
- Can be a way of children trying to gain a sense of control and power in a house they feel helpless and powerless
Which psychologist identified parenting styles?
Diana Baumrind
What are the three parenting styles?
- Authoritative
- Authoritarian
- Permissive
What is the authoritative parenting style?
- Parents are not overly strict
- Children brought up to respect authority and develop appropriate values and boundaries
What are the effects of the authoritative parenting style?
- Children often more resilient
- Conform more easily to the social norms of society
What is the authoritarian parenting style?
- Parents have high expectations
- Often overwhelming children with strict rules and regulations
What are the effects of the authoritarian parenting style?
- Children often are rebellious
- Children may become problematic both in the family home and in wider social settings
What is the permissive parenting style?
- Parents make few demands
- Parents may be reluctant to implement rules or values into the lives of their children
What are the effects of the permissive parenting style?
- Often lack a sense of self-control as they have no set boundaries or respect for personal space
- Children may later experience problems in managing relationships and adult responsibilities
What parenting style was identified through further research?
Uninvolved parenting
What is the uninvolved parenting style?
- Parents who are not involved in their children’s lives
- Make few demands on them and lack responsiveness
What did Piaget and Erikson believe family dysfunction was a result off?
- Lack of education
- Inadequate role modelling
What do some parents lack?
Emotional intelligence and skills required to raise their children to be resilient and prepared for the outside world
What is bullying?
- No legal definition
- Can be described as repetitive behaviour intended to hurt a person emotionally and physically
Why may someone be bullied?
- Many reasons including
- Religion
- Race
- Group or culture they belong too
What can bullying have a long term effect on?
- Self esteem, lasting even to adulthood
By law, what must all schools have?
- A behaviour policy that includes measures on how to prevent bullying and what must be done to support people
What are the effects of bullying?
- Impact a Childs growth and development
- May feel unsafe, lonely and insolated
- May lose self- confidence
- May become self-critical
- Self harm
What do most faith groups emphasise the importance of as part of the healing process?
Prayer
What do Jehovas witnesses believe in regards to medical intervention?
- Blood transfusions must not be accepted
- Do accept most other procedures
What dietary restrictions do you have in a Kosher diet?
Dairy and meat food should be kept separate
What do Jewish people not eat?
Pork and Shellfish
What are Hindus and Sikhs dietary restrictions?
Vegetarian diet
What are muslims dietary restrictions?
- Do not eat pork
- Do not east non - halal meats
- Do not consume alchohol
What are the positive effects of vegetarianism?
- Higher levels of fruits, vegetables, fibre and lower fats
- Reduces the chance of high cholesterol, heart disease and high blood pressure
What are the negative effects of vegetarianism?
- Health risks of nutritional deficiency due to not eating meat or fish
- E.g. may have calcium, B12 or Iron deficiency
- Would cause, weakened bones, affect production of red blood cells etc
