A3 - Emotional development across the life stages Flashcards
What is emotional literacy?
The ability to recognise, understand and appropriately express emotions. This is essential for forming positive relationships
What is empathy?
Ability to identify or understands another point of view and situation or feeling
What is attachment?
A strong emotional bond between a child and a caregiver
What is privation?
Being deprived of the opportunity to form attachment such as in neglect or abuse situations
What is separation anxiety?
The fear and apprehension that infants experience when separated from their main carer
What is self image?
The way an individual sees themselves, their mental image of themselves
What is self-concept?
An idea of the self-constructed from the belief someone holds about themselves and the responses of others, not necessarily reality
What is self-esteem?
How a person feels about themselves, self worth, self concept, self image and pride
What is emotional development?
The way an individual begins to feel about and value themselves and other people
What is the key feature of emotional development in infancy?
Attachment
What is the key feature of emotional development in early childhood?
Understanding self and others
What is the key feature of emotional development in adolescence?
Identity
What is the key feature of emotional development in early and middle adulthood?
Intimacy
What is the key feature of emotional development in later adulthood?
Making sense of your life
What does a secure attachment to a main caregiver mean?
- That a child will feel secure, loved and have a sense of belonging.
- Caregivers are the secure based from which children explore the world around them
What does Bowlby refer to attachment as?
A deep and enduring emotional bond that connects a child to their primary caregiver
When did Bowlby’s theory originate?
During the 1930s
What did Bowlby believe?
That children were biologically pre-programmed to form attachments and that infancy is a critical period for forming attachments
What did Bowlby observe?
Children experienced separation anxiety when separated from their mothers and would not disappear even when being cared for by another carer
What do infants have a universal need for according to Bowlby?
A universal need to seek close proximity with their caregiver when under stress or feeling threatened.
What are the criticisms of Bowlby’s theory?
- Maternal deprivation itself may not result in long-term problems and suggests probation is more damaging
- Some people agree that attachment is a learned behaviour influenced by the environment, culture and the baby’s temperament
- Schaffer and Emersons research suggests babies are most likely to form attachments with caregivers who respond the most effectively to their signals
Who identified a sequence in the development of attachment?
Schaffer and Emerson
What are the 4 stages of Schaffer and Emersons theory?
- Asocial
- Indiscriminate
- Discriminate
- Multiple
What is the asocial stage of attachments?
- Respond indiscriminately to any caregiver
What is the Indiscriminate stage of attachment?
What is the discriminate stage of attachment?
- separation anxiety from pcg
- only like to receive care from pcg
What is the multiple attachment stage?
Why may attachment not go smoothly?
- Post-natal depression
- Seperation due to illness, divorce etc
- Foster care/adoption
- Emotional unavailability due to substance missuse
- Disability
What is development of self esteem between 0-18 months?
- Babies start to build self esteem by having basic needs met
- Become gradually aware that they are loved as their PCG provides comfort, care, support etc
- This shows they are safe and secure
What is the development of self esteem between 18 months and 2 years?
- Not yet developed a clear understanding of self esteem
- When they learn a new skill they realise what they can achieve
- Begin to learn about themselves and what they can do and where they belong
- If infants shown love by PCG then impacts self esteem
- Infants not shown love find it more difficult to develop a sense of self worth
What happens with self esteem around age 4?
Positive self esteem is reinforced by what the child can do successfully.
How can parents and caregivers foster a Childs self esteem?
- Teaching problem solving skills
- Include children in tasks that provide a sense of accomplishment
- Asking children for opinions
- Encouraging them to accept failure
How do children with low self esteem act?
- Passive
- Withdrawn
- Depressed
- Difficulty dealing with problems
- Self critical
When can self esteem become fragile?
During puberty
What do many teenagers become overly concerned about
Their physical appearance and how they are viewed and accepted by their peers
How is self image determined in early childhood?
The quality of social interaction and the influence of parents and caregivers
What does a persons self image not necessarily reflect?
Reality
Why is self-image important?
It explains how an individual thinks about themselves and how they interact
