A3 - Emotional development across the life stages Flashcards

1
Q

What is emotional literacy?

A

The ability to recognise, understand and appropriately express emotions. This is essential for forming positive relationships

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2
Q

What is empathy?

A

Ability to identify or understands another point of view and situation or feeling

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3
Q

What is attachment?

A

A strong emotional bond between a child and a caregiver

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4
Q

What is privation?

A

Being deprived of the opportunity to form attachment such as in neglect or abuse situations

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5
Q

What is separation anxiety?

A

The fear and apprehension that infants experience when separated from their main carer

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6
Q

What is self image?

A

The way an individual sees themselves, their mental image of themselves

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7
Q

What is self-concept?

A

An idea of the self-constructed from the belief someone holds about themselves and the responses of others, not necessarily reality

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8
Q

What is self-esteem?

A

How a person feels about themselves, self worth, self concept, self image and pride

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9
Q

What is emotional development?

A

The way an individual begins to feel about and value themselves and other people

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10
Q

What is the key feature of emotional development in infancy?

A

Attachment

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11
Q

What is the key feature of emotional development in early childhood?

A

Understanding self and others

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12
Q

What is the key feature of emotional development in adolescence?

A

Identity

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13
Q

What is the key feature of emotional development in early and middle adulthood?

A

Intimacy

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14
Q

What is the key feature of emotional development in later adulthood?

A

Making sense of your life

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15
Q

What does a secure attachment to a main caregiver mean?

A
  • That a child will feel secure, loved and have a sense of belonging.
  • Caregivers are the secure based from which children explore the world around them
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16
Q

What does Bowlby refer to attachment as?

A

A deep and enduring emotional bond that connects a child to their primary caregiver

17
Q

When did Bowlby’s theory originate?

A

During the 1930s

18
Q

What did Bowlby believe?

A

That children were biologically pre-programmed to form attachments and that infancy is a critical period for forming attachments

19
Q

What did Bowlby observe?

A

Children experienced separation anxiety when separated from their mothers and would not disappear even when being cared for by another carer

20
Q

What do infants have a universal need for according to Bowlby?

A

A universal need to seek close proximity with their caregiver when under stress or feeling threatened.

21
Q

What are the criticisms of Bowlby’s theory?

A
  • Maternal deprivation itself may not result in long-term problems and suggests probation is more damaging
  • Some people agree that attachment is a learned behaviour influenced by the environment, culture and the baby’s temperament
  • Schaffer and Emersons research suggests babies are most likely to form attachments with caregivers who respond the most effectively to their signals
22
Q

Who identified a sequence in the development of attachment?

A

Schaffer and Emerson

23
Q

What are the 4 stages of Schaffer and Emersons theory?

A
  • Asocial
  • Indiscriminate
  • Discriminate
  • Multiple
24
Q

What is the asocial stage of attachments?

A
  • Respond indiscriminately to any caregiver
25
Q

What is the Indiscriminate stage of attachment?

A
26
Q

What is the discriminate stage of attachment?

A
  • separation anxiety from pcg
  • only like to receive care from pcg
27
Q

What is the multiple attachment stage?

A
28
Q

Why may attachment not go smoothly?

A
  • Post-natal depression
  • Seperation due to illness, divorce etc
  • Foster care/adoption
  • Emotional unavailability due to substance missuse
  • Disability
29
Q

What is development of self esteem between 0-18 months?

A
  • Babies start to build self esteem by having basic needs met
  • Become gradually aware that they are loved as their PCG provides comfort, care, support etc
  • This shows they are safe and secure
30
Q

What is the development of self esteem between 18 months and 2 years?

A
  • Not yet developed a clear understanding of self esteem
  • When they learn a new skill they realise what they can achieve
  • Begin to learn about themselves and what they can do and where they belong
  • If infants shown love by PCG then impacts self esteem
  • Infants not shown love find it more difficult to develop a sense of self worth
31
Q

What happens with self esteem around age 4?

A

Positive self esteem is reinforced by what the child can do successfully.

32
Q

How can parents and caregivers foster a Childs self esteem?

A
  • Teaching problem solving skills
  • Include children in tasks that provide a sense of accomplishment
  • Asking children for opinions
  • Encouraging them to accept failure
33
Q

How do children with low self esteem act?

A
  • Passive
  • Withdrawn
  • Depressed
  • Difficulty dealing with problems
  • Self critical
34
Q

When can self esteem become fragile?

A

During puberty

35
Q

What do many teenagers become overly concerned about

A

Their physical appearance and how they are viewed and accepted by their peers

36
Q

How is self image determined in early childhood?

A

The quality of social interaction and the influence of parents and caregivers

37
Q

What does a persons self image not necessarily reflect?

A

Reality

38
Q

Why is self-image important?

A

It explains how an individual thinks about themselves and how they interact