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HSC - Unit 1 > A2 - Intellectual development across the life stages > Flashcards

A2 - Intellectual development across the life stages Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 important aspects associated with intellectual development?

A
  • Language development
  • Problem-solving
  • Memory
  • Moral development
  • Abstract thoughts
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2
Q

What happens with intellectual development in infancy and childhood?

A

Stages of rapid intellectual development

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3
Q

What happens with intellectual development in adolescence to early adulthood?

A

Development of logical thought, problem solving and memory recall skills

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4
Q

What happens with intellectual development in middle adulthood?

A

Can think through problems and make sound judgements using life experiences

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5
Q

What happens with intellectual development in later adulthood?

A

Changes in the brain can cause short-term memory decline and slower thought processes and reaction times.

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6
Q

In infancy and early childhood, what is their rapid growth off?

A

Language and intellectual skills

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7
Q

At around 3 months old, what language development occurs?

A

Infants begin to make babbling noises as they learn to control the muscles associated with speech

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8
Q

At around 12 months old, what language development occurs?

A

Infants begin to imitate sounds made by carers such as ‘da da’. This develops into single words

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9
Q

At around 2 years old, what language development occurs?

A
  • Infants begin to make two-word sentences
  • Infants begin to build their vocabulary
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10
Q

What happens at around 3 years old in language development?

A
  • Children begin to make simple sentences
  • This develops into the ability to ask questions
  • Knowledge of vocabulary grows rapidly
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11
Q

What occurs at around 4 years old in language development?

A
  • Children begin to use clear sentences that can be understood by strangers
  • Children can be expected to make some mistakes with grammar
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12
Q

What happens at around 5 years in intellectual development

A
  • Children can speak using full adult grammar
  • Most children can be expected to use language effectively
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13
Q

What is language development essential for?

A

Organising thoughts

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14
Q

What does problem solving involve?

A
  • To work things out
  • To make predictions about what may happen
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15
Q

What is memory required for?

A

Storing, recalling and retrieving information

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16
Q

What does moral development allow?

A

Allows for reasoning, making choices and informs that individual how to act in particular situations and how to act towards themselves and others

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17
Q

What is abstract thoughts and creative writing essential for?

A

For thinking and discussing situations and events that cannot be observed

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18
Q

How do you encourage language development in infants?

A
  • Blow bubbles
  • Play with puppet
  • Look at picture books
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19
Q

How do you encourage language development in young children?

A
  • Imaginary play
  • Share stories and rhymes
  • Play word games and riddles
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20
Q

How do you encourage development in adolescence?

A
  • Read a wide range of books and journals
  • Take part in group projects
  • Discuss ideas
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21
Q

What is language acquisition?

A

The process of how humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language

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22
Q

What is cognitive development?

A

A Childs ability to learn and solve problems

23
Q

What did Piagets research focus on?

A

On how children acquire the ability to think

24
Q

What are the 4 stages of Piaget’s theory?

A
  • Sensorimotor
  • Pre-operational
  • Concrete operational
  • Formal operational
25
Q

What is the sensorimotor stage?

A
  • 0 to 2 years
  • Can learn through the senses
  • From 8 months, memory starts to develop as they start to look for hidden objects
  • Lack object permanence
  • Lacks internal mental schemas
26
Q

What is the pre-operational stage?

A
  • 2 to 7 years
  • Can add and create schemas
  • Dominated by the sensory information it recieves
  • Can’t carry out logical operations
  • Are egocentric
  • Not able to conserve weight, volume, number
27
Q

What is the concrete operational stage?

A
  • 7 to 11 years
  • Can carry out mental operations
  • Become less egocentric
  • Develop ability to conserve
  • They need visual aids to understand logic operations
28
Q

What is the formal operational stage?

A
  • Aged 11+
  • Don’t need visual aids
  • Can do things logically
  • Can think abstract
29
Q

What are the key features of Piagets theory?

A
  • 4 stages
  • The ages are approximate
  • The stages are innate
  • You can’t skip a stage
  • Children learn from experience
  • Children can learn things without adults
30
Q

What is a schema?

A

A category of knowledge and the process of acquiring knowledge

31
Q

What is the process of acquiring knowledge according to Schemas

A
  • A child develops concepts about the world around them ( a state of equilibrium)
  • Where new information is provided the schemas reach a stage of disequilibrium
  • New information is accommodated by making a new schema or modifying existing ones.
32
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

A state of cognitive balance when a Childs experience is in line with what they understand

33
Q

What is disequilibrium?

A

A state of cognitive imbalance between experience and what is understood

34
Q

What is accommodation?

A

Modifying schemas in relation to new information and experiences

35
Q

What stage of Piagets theory do the tests of conservation relate too?

A

Pre-operational stage

36
Q

What are the three conservation tests?

A
  • Number (coins on the table, two rows spread out differently, think longer row has more coins)
  • Volume (two different shaped beakers with the same water volume)
  • Weight ( Playdough balls same weight but different sizes)
37
Q

What is egocentrism?

A

A young Childs inability to see a situation from another persons point of view

38
Q

What are the criticisms of Piaget?

A
  • Theory based on a small number of children
  • Critics say the stages may be more fluent than Piaget thought
  • Piaget underestimated or overestimated children’s cognitive abilities ( E.g children age 5 less egocentric than he claimed)
  • Research suggests it takes longer than 11 years to learn abstract logical thinking
39
Q

Who created the model of language acquisition?

A

Chomsky

40
Q

What did Chomsky believe?

A

The ability to develop a signed or spoken language is genetically programmed into individuals. All individuals become fluent in their language by 5 or 6

41
Q

What is Chomsky’s theory?

A
  • All individuals are born with a language acquisition device (LAD)
  • Your pre-disposed to speak
  • A instinctive mental capacity enables children to acquire and produce language
42
Q

What is the Genie Wiley case study?

A
  • Locked in a room and not spoken to
  • She never got the ability to learn speech as she missed the critical age to learn
43
Q

What is the critical period to acquire language according to Chomsky?

A

Up to 3 years

44
Q

What are the criticisms of Chomsky’s theory?

A
  • Lack of scientific evidence
  • Bruner would argue social interaction is critical and has more influence on children that Chomsky suggested
  • Some argue he put too much emphasis on grammar
  • Doesn’t take into consideration those with delayed language development
45
Q

What happens in early adulthood with intellectual development?

A
  • Apply the knowledge and skills they gained during their life
  • This helps them to think logically and find realistic answers
  • New brain cells will continue to develop
46
Q

What happens in middle adulthood with intellectual development?

A

There may be a gradual decline in the speed of processing information

47
Q

What is memory loss assumed to be associated too?

A

The ageing process

48
Q

What can have an impact on brain health?

A

Lifestyle, health, daily activities

49
Q

What part of the brain is involved in the formation and retrieval of information?

A

Hippocampus

50
Q

What protects and repair brain cells?

A

hormones and proteins

51
Q

What happens to the hormones and proteins that protect and repair the brain?

A

They decline with age

52
Q

How does decreased blood flow to the brain due to age affect the brain?

A
  • Impairs memory
  • Changes in cognitive skills
53
Q

What are normal age-related memory changes?

A
  • Able to function independently and pursue normal activities despite occasional memory lapses
  • Able to recall and describe incidents of forgetfulness
  • May pause to remember directions
  • Doesn’t get lost in familiar places
  • No trouble holding conversation
  • Judgement and decision making the same
54
Q

What are symptoms that may indicate dementia?

A
  • Difficulty performing simple tasks
  • Unable to recall or describe specific instances where memory loss causes problems
  • Gets lost or disorientated even in familiar places
  • Words are frequently forgotten, misused or garbled
  • Trouble making choices, poor decision making

HSC - Unit 1 (13 decks)

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