B4 plants Flashcards

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1
Q

epidermal tissues

A

cover the surfaces and protect them
secrete waxy substance that waterproofs surface of leaf

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2
Q

palisade mesophyll

A

contains lots of chloroplasts, to carry out photosynthesis
located under the upper epidermis for optimal sunlight

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3
Q

spongy mesophyll

A

contains some chloroplasts for photosynthesis
big air spaces
large SA to make diffusion of gases easier

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4
Q

xylem

A

carry water and dissolved mineral ions from roots to leaves
strengthened by lignin
dead tissue

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5
Q

phloem

A

carry dissolved sugars from leaves around plant (made by photosynthesis)
-make new plant cells
- energy store for winter
live tissue

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6
Q

translocation

A

movement of sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant through the phloem

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7
Q

transpiration

A

loss of water vapour from the surface of plant leaves

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8
Q

how water is lost

A

stomata open/close
controlled by guard cells
water evaporates from lining of air spaces
passes out of leaf through diffusion

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9
Q

factors increasing stomatal opening

A

any factors increasing photosynthesis
humidity, temperature, air flow and light intensity
more rapid in hot, dry, windy , bright conditions

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10
Q

factors affecting rate of transpiration

A

light intensity- increases
humidity- decreases
air flow- increases
temperature- increases

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11
Q

stomata

A

in lower epidermis
when open they make diffusion of gases in and out of leaf easier
opened and shut by guard cells

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12
Q

how guard cells open/close stomata

A

GC take in lots of water and swell, opening stomata
GC lose water and return to a limp state, closing stomata

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