B3 organisation and the digestive system

Question 1

tissue definition

Answer 1

group of cells with similar structure and function

Question 2

organ definition

Answer 2

collection of different tissues performing a common function

Question 3

organ system definition

Answer 3

groups of organs that perform specific functions in the body

Question 4

role of digestive system in mammals

Answer 4

digest and absorb food

Question 5

testing for sugar

Answer 5

Benedict’s solution
hot water bath
blue -> brick red

Question 6

starch test

Answer 6

iodine SOLUTION

yellow/orange/red to blue black

Question 7

lipid test

Answer 7

emulsion test

clear to cloudy/ milky white

Question 8

protein test

Answer 8

biuret reagent

blue to purple

Question 9

what do catalysts do

Answer 9

increase rate of chemical reactions without changing chemically themselves

Question 10

enzyme action

Answer 10

biological catalysts
catalyse specific reactions in living organisms
(due to shape of their active site)
lock and key theory
active site of enzyme must be complementary to the substrate

Question 11

what is metabolism

Answer 11

sum of all the reactions in a cell or body

Question 12

factors of enzyme activity

Answer 12

temperature and pH

Question 13

effect of high temp on active site

Answer 13

active site denatures, changing the shape so it no longer matches the substrate molecule (canot bind)

Question 14

effect of pH on active site

Answer 14

can affect shape of active site and make it work efficiently or not at all

Question 15

what is digestion

Answer 15

breakdown large insoluble molecules ->soluble substances
absorbed into the blood across the wall of small intestine

Question 16

where are digestive enzymes produced

Answer 16

by specialised cells in glands in the lining of the digestive system

Question 17

breakdown of carbs

Answer 17

made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
catalyst- amylase

into simple sugars

Question 18

breakdown of proteins

Answer 18

protease

into amino acids

Question 19

breakdown of lipids

Answer 19

lipase

into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 20

stomach pH

Answer 20

acidic conditions
hydrochloric acid produced
maintains low pH

Question 21

small intestine pH

Answer 21

enzymes made in pancreas work best in alkaline conditions

higher pH

Question 22

bile

Answer 22

produced by liver
stored in gall bladder
released through bile duct
neutralises acid and emulsifies fats

Question 23

food pathway digestive system

Answer 23

mouth
esophagus
stomach
small then large intestine
rectum 
anus

Question 24

what is an enzyme

Answer 24

chemical which catalyses reactions in living organisms

Question 25

amylase production

Answer 25

salivary glands
pancreas
small intestine

Question 26

protease production

Answer 26

stomach (pepsin)
pancreas
small itestine

Question 27

lipase production

Answer 27

pancreas
small intestine

Question 28

updated lock and key theory

Answer 28

induced fit model
in order for an enzyme to catalyse a reaction, the enzymes active site changes shape slightly as it binds to the substrate

Question 29

balanced diet

Answer 29

includes appropriate proportions of all the different biological molecules
including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre, and water

Question 30

factors affecting calorie intake

Answer 30

activity level
age
height
gender
pregnancy

Question 31

biological molecules

Answer 31

bm are molecules found in living organisms, produced by cells

Question 32

nutrients

Answer 32

substances needed for growth, repair and metabolism