B11 Hormonal Coordination

Question 1

endocrine system

Answer 1

glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into bloodstream- can be slow or rapid acting
insulin and adrenaline give a rapid response

Question 2

Follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 2

produced in pituitary gland
stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen
causes egg in ovary to mature

Question 3

TSH

Answer 3

stimulates thyroid gland to make thyroxine
(helps control rate of metabolism)

Question 4

insulin

Answer 4

produced in pancreas
allows glucose to move from bloodstream into cells where it is used
controls storage of glycogen in liver and muscles

Question 5

glucagon

Answer 5

secreted by pancreas when blood glucose conc. is too low
makes liver break down glycogen back into glucose so it can be released back into blood

Question 6

type 1 diabetes

Answer 6

pancreas does not make enough/any insulin
produce lots of urine and feel thirsty all the time, lack energy and feel tired due to lack of glucose in blood
lose weight because fat is broken down to be used as energy store
usually starts in young children and teenagers
may also be genetic

Question 7

type 2 diabetes

Answer 7

common in older people, can develop due to lack of exercise/obesity can also be genetic
pancreas makes insulin but body cells are not responsive to it (/ dont respond properly)

Question 8

treating type 1

Answer 8

injecting insulin/ controlling carbs/ sugars eaten
can be cured by pancreas transplant but is risky and not common- not enough pancreas donors available

Question 9

treating type 2

Answer 9

balanced diet
losing weight/ regular exercise
drugs can: help insulin work better on cells
help pancreas make more insulin
reduce amount of glucose absorbed from gut

Question 10

role of negative feedback

Answer 10

work to maintain a steady state
changes take place to restore and any factors in internal environment back to normal levels

Question 11

adrenaline

Answer 11

adrenaline causes: heart/ breathing rate to increase
- glycogen broken down to glucose for respiration
-pupils dilate to let more light in
-mental awareness increase
-blood diverted away from body systems to muscles of limbs
- more oxygen delivered to brain

Question 12

thyroxine

Answer 12

controls basal metabolic rate of body
- break down/ build up of substances
- how much oxygen tissues use
-how brain develops
important in growth and development
release is stimulated by TSH

Question 13

oestrogen

Answer 13

rising levels betwen 8-14 usually
build up and maintain uterus lining

Question 14

menstrual cycle

Answer 14

eggs mature in ovary while uterus walls are thickening in prep for pregnancy
mature egg released every 28 days
14 days later lining is shed along w egg

Question 15

luteinising hormone (LH)

Answer 15

stimulates the release of the egg at ovulation

Question 16

testosterone

Answer 16

produced by testes
male secondary sexual characteristics develop
between ages of 9-15
testes grow and become active, producing sperm
as well as physical changes all over body