B4 organising animals Flashcards

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1
Q

haemoglobin

A

red pigment in red blood cells that binds to oxygen

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2
Q

plasma

A

transports blood cells and other substances
waste co2 from cells carried to lungs
urea from liver carried to kidney -removed from blood to urine
soluble products of digestion small intestine -> plasma

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3
Q

white blood cells

A

some form antibodies against pathogens
form antitoxins
engulf and ingest invading bacteria and viruses

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4
Q

platelets

A

clot at sites of wounds
stop bleeding out
and bacteria entering body through wound

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5
Q

artery

A

small lumen
thick walls
thick layer of muscle and fibres
carry blood away from heart to organs

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6
Q

vein

A

relatively thin walls
large lumen
often have valves- prevent backflow
carry blood from organs to heart

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7
Q

capillaries

A

walls a single cell thick
tiny vessel with narrow lumen
short diffusion pathway into/ out of blood

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8
Q

double circulatory system

A

one system carries blood from heart to lungs and back
other carries blood from heart to organs
efficient, receive blood more quickly

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9
Q

atria

A

where blood enters the heart
top chambers
contract together to force blood into ventricles

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10
Q

vena cava

A

right atrium

deoxygenated blood from your body

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11
Q

pulmonary vein

A

left atrium

oxygenated blood from lungs

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12
Q

pulmonary artery

A

deoxygenated blood comes from right ventricle

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13
Q

aorta

A

artery

left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around the body here

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14
Q

ventilating in the lungs

A

contraction and relaxation of intercostal muscles between ribs and diaphragm

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15
Q

alveoli adaptations for gas exchange

A

rich supply of capillaries
large surface area - in clusters
short diffusion pathway- one cell thick
steep concentration gradient- blood is low in oxygen, high co2, compared to air in alveoli

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