B4) Organising Animals And Plants

Question 1

What are the components of the blood?

Answer 1

White blood cells.
Red blood cells.
Platelets.
Plasma.

Question 2

What adaptations do red blood cells have?

Answer 2

Biconcave discs- gives increased surface area to volume ratio for diffusion.
Red pigment called haemoglobin- binds to oxygen.
No nucleus making more room for haemoglobin.

Question 3

What adaptations does plasma have as a transport medium?

Answer 3

Waste carbon dioxide produced by cells carried to lungs.
Urea formed in liver from breakdown of excess proteins carried to kidneys where removed from blood to form urine.
Small soluble products of digestion pass into plasma from small intestine + are transported to individual cells.

Question 4

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 4

Some (lymphocytes) form antibodies against harmful microorganisms. Some form antitoxins against poisons made by microorganisms.
Others (phagocytes) engulf + digest invading bacteria + viruses.

Question 5

What are platelets?

Answer 5

Small fragments of cells.

Question 6

What do platelets do?

Answer 6

Important in helping blood to clot at site of wound.

Question 7

What do platelets not have?

Answer 7

Nucleus.

Question 8

What is blood clotting?

Answer 8

Series of enzyme-controlled reactions that result in converting fibrinogen into fibrin.

Question 9

Why are valves important?

Answer 9

Prevent backflow of blood.

Question 10

What is the importance of a double circulatory system?

Answer 10

1 transport system carries blood from heart to lungs + back again. Allows oxygen + carbon dioxide to be exchanged with the air in the lungs.
Other transport system carries blood from heart to all other organs of your body + back again.

Question 11

Are there different types of blood vessels?

Answer 11

Yes.

Question 12

What are the three blood vessels?

Answer 12

Arteries.
Veins.
Capillaries.

Question 13

What do capillaries form throughout the body?

Answer 13

Huge network of tiny vessels linking the arteries + veins.

Question 14

What does the right ventricle do?

Answer 14

Forces deoxygenated blood out of heart.

Question 15

What is the blood coming into the left atrium in the pulmonary vein?

Answer 15

Oxygenated blood.

Question 16

What do the ventricles do?

Answer 16

Contract + force blood out of heart.

Question 17

What does the left ventricle do?

Answer 17

Pumps oxygenated blood around body in big artery called aorta.

Question 18

What is the blood coming into the right atrium from the vena cava?

Answer 18

Deoxygenated blood.

Question 19

What are the atria?

Answer 19

Top chambers of your heart which blood enters from.

Question 20

What should you remember when dissecting a heart?

Answer 20

The heart’s left is your right. Your left is the heart’s right. (Its inverted).

Question 21

What is a stent?

Answer 21

Metal mesh that is placed in artery.

Question 22

How does the use of a stent solve the problem of coronary heart disease?

Answer 22

Tiny balloon inflated to open up blood vessel + stent at same time. Balloon deflated + removed but stent remains in place, holding blood vessel open. When done blood in coronary artery flows freely.

Question 23

What do statins do?

Answer 23

Reduce blood cholesterol levels + slows down rate at which fatty material deposited in coronary arteries.

Question 24

How do artificial pacemakers work?

Answer 24

Electrical device used to correct irregularities in heart rate, implanted into chest. Only weigh between 20-50g, attached to heart by 2 wires. Artificial pacemaker sends strong, regular electrical signals to heart that stimulate it to beat properly. Modern pacemakers sensitive to what body needs + only work when natural rhythm goes wrong. Some even stimulate heart to beat faster when exercising.

Question 25

What can artificial hearts do?

Answer 25

Give diseased heart a rest so that it can recover. Patients have part or whole artificial heart implanted that removes strain of keeping blood circulating for few weeks or months.

Question 26

What are the parts of the gas exchange system?

Answer 26

Nose.
Mouth.
Intercostal muscles.
Rib
Lung.
Heart.
Bronchioles.
Alveoli (air sacs).
Abdomen.
Trachea (windpipe).
Bronchi.
Diaphragm.