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3rd science) Biology > B3) Organisation And The Digestive System > Flashcards

B3) Organisation And The Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

Group of cells with a similar structure + function.

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2
Q

What are organs?

A

Collections of tissues which perform specific function.

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3
Q

What is an example of an organ?

A

Accept any 1 from:
Stomach.
Heart.
Nerve.

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4
Q

Why is the stomach an example of an organ?

A

Muscular tissue, to churn food + digestive juices of stomach together.
Glandular tissue, to produce digestive juices that break down food.
Epithelial tissue, which covers inside + outside of organ hormones to control blood sugar as well as some of the enzymes that digest food.

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5
Q

What are organ systems?

A

Groups of organs that work together to perform specific functions.

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6
Q

What is the order of organisation?

A

Cells. -> Tissues. -> Organs. -> Organ systems. -> Organism.

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7
Q

What are the components of the digestive system?

A 
Mouth (containing teeth, tongue + salivary glands).
Gullet.
Diaphragm.
Stomach.
Liver.
Gall bladder.
Bile duct.
Duodenum.
Small intestine.
Appendix.
Pancreas.
Rectum.
Large intestine.
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8
Q

What do carbohydrates do?

A

Provide us with fuel that makes all of the other reactions of life possible.

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9
Q

What do carbohydrates contain?

A

Chemical elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of carbohydrates?

A

Simple sugars.

Starch + cellulose.

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11
Q

What are lipids made up of?

A

3 molecules of fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol.

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12
Q

What happens to an enzyme when it becomes denatured?

A

Can no longer acts as a catalyst. Happens at temperatures of about 40ºC.

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13
Q

At what temperature do human enzymes work at?

A

37ºC.

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14
Q

What is an example of an organ system?

A 
Accept any 1 from:
Digestive system.
Respiratory system.
Circulatory system.
Nervous system.
Endocrine system.
Double circulatory system.
Central nervous system.
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15
Q

What is an example of a cell?

A 
Accept any 1 from:
White blood cell.
Red blood cell.
Platelets.
Gall bladder.
Duodenum.
Pancreatic duct.
Pancreas.
Bile duct.
Guard cells.
Aorta.
Vena cava.
Right ventricle.
Left ventricle.
Right atrium.
Left atrium.
Motor neurones.
Phloem.
Xylem.
Sperm.
Egg.
Stomata.
Plasma.
Pulmonary vein.
Pulmonary artery.
Ovary.
Receptor.
Sensory neurone.
Spongy mesophyll.
Stem cell.
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16
Q

What is an example of a tissue?

A

Accept any 1 from:

Blood.

17
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Tiny air sacs in the lungs that increase surface area for gaseous exchange.

18
Q

What is the aorta?

A

Artery that leaves the heart from the left ventricle and carries oxygenated blood to the body.

19
Q

What are the arteries?

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Usually carry oxygenated blood and have a pulse.

20
Q

What are the atria?

A

Upper chambers of the heart.

21
Q

What are the region of the brains called?

A

Cerebral cortex.
Cerebellum.
Medulla.
Thermoregulatory centre.

22
Q

What is ‘atria’?

A

Plural of atrium.

23
Q

What is the vena cava?

A

Large vein that brings deoxygenated from body into heart.

24
Q

What is the pulmonary artery?

A

Large blood vessel, that takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.

25
Q

What is the pulmonary vein?

A

Large blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart.

26
Q

What are the ventricles?

A

Chambers of heart that contract to force blood out of the heart.

27
Q

Which hormone prepares the body for fight or flight?

A

Adrenaline.

28
Q

What does ‘FSH’ stand for?

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone.

29
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemicals produced in 1 area of the body of an organism that have an effect on functioning of another area of the body.

30
Q

Where are hormones produced in animals?

A

Glands.

31
Q

What is insulin?

A

Hormone involved in control of blood sugar levels.

32
Q

What is oestrogen?

A

Female sex hormone that controls development of secondary sexual characteristics in girls at puberty, and the build-up and maintenance of the uterus lining during the menstrual cycle.

33
Q

What do sex chromosomes carry?

A

Information that determines the sex of an individual.

34
Q

What is ‘testosterone’?

A

Main male sex hormone that controls where male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty + production of sperm.

35
Q

What does ‘ADH’ stand for?

A

Anti-diuretic hormone.

36
Q

What is ‘anti-diuretic’?

A

Hormone that helps control water balance of body + affects amount of urine produced by kidney.

3rd science) Biology (14 decks)

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