B1) Cell Structure And Transport

Question 1

How do you calculate the magnification?

Answer 1

You multiply the eyepiece lens by magnification of the objective lens.

Question 2

What is resolving power?

Answer 2

Resolving power of a microscope affects how much detail it can show.

Question 3

What is resolution?

Answer 3

The ability to distinguish between two different points.

Question 4

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 4

It controls all activities of cell surrounded by nuclear membrane, contains genes on chromosomes which carry instructions for making proteins needed to build new cells or organisms.

Question 5

What does the cytoplasm do?

Answer 5

Liquid gel suspends organelles and where most chemical reactions needed for life occur.

Question 6

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 6

Controls passage of substances such as glucose and mineral ions into cell. Also controls passage of substances such as urea or hormones out of cell.

Question 7

What do the mitochondria do?

Answer 7

Structures in cytoplasm aerobic respiration takes place, releases energy for cell.

Question 8

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 8

Protein synthesis takes place, makes all proteins needed in cell.

Question 9

Which kingdom is algae in?

Answer 9

Were classed as plants for centuries now in own kingdom: protista.

Question 10

What do chloroplasts do?

Answer 10

Contain chlorophyll. Absorbs light so plant can make food by photosynthesis.

Question 11

What does a permanent vacuole do?

Answer 11

Space in cytoplasm filled with cell sap, important to keep cells rigid.

Question 12

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 12

All have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in nucleus.

Question 13

What are prokaryotes?

Answer 13

Bacteria (single-celled living organisms).

Question 14

What do prokaryotes have?

Answer 14

Cell membrane, cell wall, plasmids, cytoplasm, genetic material, flagella* and slime capsule*.
Genetic material not enclosed in a nucleus.
Bacterial chromosome single DNA loop found free in cytoplasm.
*not always present.

Question 15

What does the nerve cell do?

Answer 15

Lots dendrites make connections other nerve cells.
Axon carries nerve impulse from place other.
Nerve endings or synapses adapted pass impulses to other cell between nerve cell or muscle, using special transmitter chemicals.
Lots mitochondria needed provide energy make transmitter chemicals.

Question 16

What are the parts of sperm cell?

Answer 16

Long tail whips side to side to move sperm through water or female reproductive system.
Middle section contains mitochondria transfer energy needed for tail to work.
Acrosome stores digestive enzymes for breaking outer layers of egg.
Large nucleus contains genetic info to pass on.