B4 - Organising Animals And Plants 1️⃣✅

Question 1

What are the 2 main purposes of blood?

Answer 1

transport of materials (cells, 02, c02) and defence from pathogens

Question 2

What is the function of an Artery?

Answer 2

To carry blood away from the heart to the organs of your body.

Question 3

What are the properties of an Artery?

Answer 3

It has a thick layer of elastic fibres and muscle to prevent it from bursting under high pressure. It has a outer layer made up of tough fibres. It has no valves only close to the heart.

Question 4

What is the function of a Capillary?

Answer 4

To exchange materials with cells e.g. glucose and 02

Question 5

What are the properties of a Capillary?

Answer 5

It is one cell thick (very thin) to maximise exchange rate between cells.

Question 6

What is the function of a Vein?

Answer 6

To carry into your heart, away from your organs

Question 7

What are the properties of a Vein?

Answer 7

Because of the low pressure it has valves to stop backflow (so blood can only go in one direction). It has a large lumen (central cavity).

Question 7

What are the properties of a Vein?

Answer 7

Because of the low pressure it has valves to stop backflow (so blood can only go in one direction). It has a large lumen (central cavity).

Question 8

How are leaves adapted for photosynthesis?

Answer 8

They are thin so there is a shorter time for diffusion to take place because there is a shorter distance to travel. They have a large surface area to maximise light energy being taken in.

Question 9

What is transpiration?

Answer 9

Transpiration is the evaporation of water through the stomata.

Question 10

What is a transpiration stream?

Answer 10

A transpiration stream is the movement of water from the roos to the shoots in the xylem vessels.

Question 11

What are some characteristics of the xylem cell?

Answer 11

Its dead - has thick walls so it doesn’t collapse under pressure - made of lignin - impermeable - has no cytoplasm - has no end walls

Question 12

What does the xylem cell transport?

Answer 12

It transports water and dissolved mineral ions from the roots to the shoots (so the direction of flow is up).

Question 13

What are some characteristics of the phloem cell?

Answer 13

Its alive - it has thinner walls than a xylem - made of cellulose - permeable - has a cytoplasm - perforated end walls (has holes in).

Question 14

What does the phloem cell transport?

Answer 14

It transports sugars and amino acids everywhere around the plant (to the direction of flow is everywhere e.g. up and down)

Question 15

When the heart muscle relaxes blood flows into the ___1.___ from the lungs and the ___2.___.

Answer 15

1. atrium 2. body

Question 16

The atria then contract, squeezing blood into the ____1.____.

Answer 16

1. ventricle

Question 17

When the ventricles contract blood is forced into the two ____1.____.

Answer 17

1. arteries

Question 18

The blood can’t flow backwards because of the ___1.___. Then the heart relaxes and the whole process starts again.

Answer 18

1. valves

Question 19

The aorta takes blood to the ___1.___.

Answer 19

1. body

Question 20

The pulmonary artery takes blood to the ___1.___.

Answer 20

1. lungs

Question 21

What are the two types of artificial valves?

Answer 21

Tissue valve and Mechanical valve

Question 22

When would a artificial valve be needed?

Answer 22

When a persons valve is leaky so blood can’t flow properly (backwards in the wrong direction).

Question 23

What are the differences between the two types of artificial valves?

Answer 23

Mechanical valves are very much artificial and tissue valves are made to mimic traditional human valves and are commonly transplanted from another human or animal.

Question 24

What are the advantages to having artificial valves?

Answer 24

Your heart system will function correctly.

Question 25

What are the disadvantages to having artificial valves?

Answer 25

You are put under general anaesthetic (risky - it’s a big operation and you will be left with stitches - there can be extra strain on the heart after the operation.

Question 26

What is the function of the upper epidermis cell?

Answer 26

To allow light into the leaf.

Question 27

What is the stomata?

Answer 27

Cells at the bottom of a leaf that have a pore in the middle to allow C02 in and 02 out.

Question 28

What is the epidermal tissue?

Answer 28

A tissue layer (waxy cutile) that covers the surface of the leaf to protect and waterproof the surface of the leaf.

Question 29

What are palisade mesophyll tissues?

Answer 29

Tissue that contains a lot of chloroplasts that carry out photosynthesis.

Question 30

What are spongey mesophyll tissues?

Answer 30

Tissue that contains mostly big air spaces and a large surface area to make diffusion of gasses easier.

Question 31

What is a xylem tissue?

Answer 31

A xylem tissue is one of 2 tissues in the vascular bundle of the leaf. It transports water and dissolved mineral ions from the roots up to the leaves (shoots).

Question 31

What is a phloem tissue?

Answer 31

A phloem tissue is one of 2 tissues in the vascular bundle of the leaf. It transports dissolved sugars and amino acids from the leaves around the plant.

Question 32

What is translocation

Answer 32

The transportation of sugars & amino acids through the phloem up & down the plant

Question 33

What affects the rate of transpiration

Answer 33

• Temperature
• Light intensity
• Air flow
• Humidity

Question 34

Label this cross section of a leaf

Answer 34

Question 35

Label this diagram of a heart

Answer 35