B16 & B17 - Adaptations, Interdependence & competition & Organising an ecosystem 2️⃣✅

Question 1

What is a species?

Answer 1

Similar organisms that are able to breed together to produce fertile offspring

Question 2

What is a habitat?

Answer 2

A place where an organism lives (both living and non living factors)

Question 3

What is a community?

Answer 3

All the different populations of living organisms within the same habitat/ ecosystem

Question 4

What is a population?

Answer 4

All the members of the same species living in the same habitat at the same time

Question 5

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 5

The community/ interacting organisms and the biotic/ abiotic conditions

Question 6

What is a biotic factor?

Answer 6

a living factor; done by an organism such as a human trampling a plant

Question 7

What is an abiotic factor?

Answer 7

a non living factors; not done by an organism such as temperature, sunlight, water or the climate

Question 8

What does interspecific mean?

Answer 8

Competition between different species ER for diffERent

Question 9

What does intraspecific mean?

Answer 9

Competition between organisms of the same species A for sAme

Question 10

What do plants compete for?

Answer 10

Sunlight, water, mineral ions

Question 11

What do animals compete for?

Answer 11

Territory, mates, food, water

Question 12

What is an adaptation?

Answer 12

A special feature an organism possesses which help them to survive in their habitat better

Question 13

Why do organisms have adaptations?

Answer 13

To out compete other organisms (inter/intra)

Question 14

What are the 3 main types of adaptations?

Answer 14

Structural
Behavioural
Functional

Question 15

What is a metabolic process?

Answer 15

A process that happens inside the body e.g respiration proteinsynthesis

Question 16

What is the structure for a good answer for an adaptation question?

Answer 16

I dentify adaptation
D escribe
E xplain link to environment/ what Q asks
A dvantages
S urvival value

Question 17

What is an extremophile?

Answer 17

An micoorganism that lives in an environment that is very extreme where most other organisms could not survive

Question 18

What are decomposers?

Answer 18

Organisms that break down living materials

Question 19

What are examples of decomposers?

Answer 19

fungi or bacteria

Question 20

What are detritivores?

Answer 20

Organisms that eat dead materials

Question 21

What are examples of detritivores?

Answer 21

Earthworms, flies, woodlice

Question 22

Give an example of a structural adaptation

Answer 22

Sharp teeth to hunt prey, camouflage to hide or hunt

Question 23

Give an example of a behavioural adaptation

Answer 23

Making nests to attract mates, courtship dances to attract a mate, working together in packs

Question 24

Give an example of a functional adaptation

Answer 24

Photosynthesis in plants, production of poisons or venom

Question 25

What is interdependence?

Answer 25

Is when all species in a community or ecosystem depend on each other and therefore when one is removed the whole community is affected

Question 26

How do you work out the number of quadrats that would fit inside a field?

Answer 26

Area of field ÷ area of 1 quadrat

Question 27

How do you work out the total estimated number of daisies in a field?

Answer 27

mean number of daises per quadrat x number of quadrats that fit in the field

Question 28

What is the advantage to random sampling?

Answer 28

Unbiased coordinates, every part of the field/ chosen area has an equal chance to be sampled

Question 29

What is a disadvantage of random sampling?

Answer 29

By chance, the coordinates may not have been equally distributed across the field

Question 30

What is anerobic decay?

Answer 30

Anaerobic decay occurs when bacteria and fungi break down dead matter without oxygen.

Question 31

Why would some people be apposed to using anerobic decay?

Answer 31

Because anerobic decay produces methane and carbon dioxide, both greenhouse gasses - therefore deeming anerobic decay not eco-friendly and a contributer to climate chane & global warming

Question 32

What is the form of sampling called that isnt random?

Answer 32

A transect

Question 33

List 5 abiotic factors that affect communities

Answer 33

• light intensity
• temperature
• moisture/ water levels
• avainability of oxygen
• wind intensity

Question 34

List 4 biotic factors that affect communities

Answer 34

• avainability of food
• new pathogens/ disease
• new predators
• interspecific competiton

Question 35

List 4 adaptations that animals who live in cold climates would have

Answer 35

• White fur to camoflauge
• Feet with large surface area of distritube weight across snow to prevent sinking
• small ears to reduce heat loss
• thick fur/ blubber for insulation to retain heat

Question 36

List 4 adaptations that animals who live in dry climates would have

Answer 36

• Feet with large surface area of distritube weight across snow to prevent sinking
• long eyelashes to keep sand out of eyes
• large and thin ears for optimum heat transfer to surroudings to help cool down
• kindeys produce very concentrated urine to reduce need for water

Question 37

What is a functional adaptation for plants in dry climate

Answer 37

• to collect as much water as possible in dry climates plants can have adapted root systems; their roots can spread over a wide area or far down to maximise the ammount of water they can when it rains

Question 38

What are the 5 main stages of the water cycle?

Answer 38

• condensation
• precipitation
• evapouration
• transpiratrion
• respiration

Question 39

How does the water cycle work?

Answer 39

1. Energy from the sun causes water to evapourate into water vapour from oceans, lakes, and plants (transpiration)
2. As water vapour accumulates in the sky it starts to condense to form clouds
3. Water will fall back down to earth as a liquid (precipitation) to then flow into rivers/ oceans/ lakes or be absorbed again by plants
4. **cycle repeats itself **

Question 40

Label this carbon cycle

Answer 40

Question 41

What is a saprophyte?

Answer 41

Something that feeds off of dead organic matter

Question 42

Why is decompostion so important in the carbon cycle/ in general?

Answer 42

As it recycles materials on earth that allow for all other organisms to thrive and survive e.g. recycles carbon, nitrogen ions and magnesium ions

Question 43

What are the 3 factors that affect the rate of decomposition?

Answer 43

• oxygen avainability
• temperature
• water

Question 44

How does oxygen avainability affect the rate of decomposition?

Answer 44

Higher oxygen ➔ more aerobic respiration ➔ more energy available ➔ faster growth and decomposition

Question 45

How does temperature affect the rate of decomposition?

Answer 45

Higher temperature ➔ particles have more kinetic energy & enzymes are closer to optimum temperature ➔ higher rate of reactions ➔ more decomposition

Question 46

What happens to the rate of decay if temperature rises too high?

Answer 46

Enzymes would become denatured, decreasing the rate of reaction and therefore the rate of decomposition

Question 47

How does water avainability affect the rate of decomposition?

Answer 47

Decomposers need water to survive, so the rate of decomposition increases in moist conditions.

Question 48

What happens to the rate of decay if water content rises too high?

Answer 48

If soil becomes waterlogged due to too much water then oxygen levels will fall which will decrease the rate of decomposition as it relys on aerobic respiration

Question 49

What are the ideal conditions for decomposition?

Answer 49

plenty of oxygen, warm, and moist (plenty of water)

Question 50

Which is the main gas in biogas?

Answer 50

Methane gas

Question 51

How is biogas produced?

Answer 51

Via anerobic decay by microorganisms