B3 - Organisation & the digestive system 1️⃣✅

Question 1

What are the 4 levels of organisation in living organisms?

Answer 1

Cells - tissues - organs - organ systems and organisms

Question 2

What is a tissue?

Answer 2

A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to preform a specific function

Question 3

What is an organ?

Answer 3

An organ is a group of different tissues that work together to preform a certain function

Question 4

What is an organ system?

Answer 4

An organ system is a group of organs working together to preform one or more functions

Question 5

What is a organism?

Answer 5

When organ systems work together, to form a organism

Question 6

What happens when you breathe in air?

Answer 6

The air goes,

Into the body through the mouth and nose

Down the trachea

Into the bronchi

Through the bronchioles

Into the alveoli and then the oxygen diffuses into the blood into the network of capillaries over the surface of the alveoli

Question 7

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 7

The system that circulates/ pumps

Question 8

What is blood?

Answer 8

Blood is a tissue made up of four main components

Question 9

What are the 4 main components of blood?

Answer 9

Red blood cells, plasma, platelets, white blood cells

Question 10

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 10

Bind to oxygen & transport it around the body

Question 11

What does plasma do?

Answer 11

Hold all the comopnents of blood together

Question 12

What does the liver do?

Answer 12

Produce bile

Question 13

What does bile do?

Answer 13

Bile is alkaline to neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomach, it also emulsifies fat to form small fat droplets

Question 14

Where is bile stored?

Answer 14

The gal bladder

Question 15

What is the function of the pancreas in terms of enzyme production?

Answer 15

The pancreas makes enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and protease

Question 16

What is the function of the oesophagus ?

Answer 16

To carry food to the stomach

Question 17

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 17

To absorb digested food into the blood

Question 18

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 18

To absorb water and vitamins into the blood

Question 19

What are the functions of the stomach?

Answer 19

To churn food, release proteins and to release hydrochloric acid to kill pathogens

Question 20

What is an enzyme?

Answer 20

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts.they are made of chains of amino acids & fold into unique shapes

Question 21

What is a catalyst?

Answer 21

A catalyst is a substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up

Question 22

What happens if a reaction gets too hot?

Answer 22

The bonds holding the enzyme together break, this changes the shape of the enzymes active site, so the substrate wouldn’t he able to fit anymore. lf this happens the enzyme is said to be denatured

Question 23

What do proteases do?

Answer 23

Proteases convert proteins into amino acids

Question 24

Where is protease made?

Answer 24

Protease is made in 3 different places,
The pancreas
The stomach
And the small intestine

Question 25

What does lipase do?

Answer 25

Lipase converts lipids into fatty acids

Question 26

Where is lipase made?

Answer 26

Lipase is made in 2 places,
The pancreas
And the small intestine

Question 27

What does carbohydrase do?

Answer 27

carbohydrase converts carbohydrates into maltose via the amalayse enzyme

Question 28

Where is carbohydrase produced?

Answer 28

Carbohydrase is made in 3 places,
The pancreas
The small intestine
And the salivary glans

Question 29

How do you test for starch?

Answer 29

Iodine tests for starch, the yellow/red iodine solutions turns blue-black if starch is present and stays yellow/red if starch is not present

Question 30

How do you test for sugars?

Answer 30

Benedict’s tests for sugars, the blue Benedict’s solution turns brick red if sugars are present and stays blue if they are not

Question 31

How do you test for proteins?

Answer 31

Biuret tests for proteins, the pale blue biuret turns purple if proteins are present and remains pale hive if there is no proteins present

Question 32

How do you test for lipids?

Answer 32

Ethanol is used to test for lipids, the clear ethanol forms a milky white layer if lipids are present but remains clear if they aren’t