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ANATOMY SEM 3 > B4 - cerebellum and internal brain structure stuff not in case flashcards > Flashcards

B4 - cerebellum and internal brain structure stuff not in case flashcards

1
Q

what does the superior surface of the cerebellum lie beneath?

A

dural tentorium cerebelli

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2
Q

how are the folds on the cerebellum orientated?

A

transversely

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3
Q

what divides the anterior lobe (small) from the posterior lobe (large)?

A

primary fissure

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4
Q

the neocerebellum receives afferents from where and projects where?

A
  • pons
  • to VL nucleus of thalamus
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5
Q

where does the STN lie?

A

in the diencephalon

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6
Q

where is the substantia nigra?

A

mesencephalon

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7
Q

what forms the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle?

A

caudate nucleus

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8
Q

the caudate nucleus can be identified as the collection of grey matter on what?

A

the wall of the lateral ventricles

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9
Q

the caudate nucleus is separated from the putamen by descending white matter fibres known as what?

A

internal capsule

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10
Q

what forms the lateral aspect of the lentiform nucleus?

A

putamen

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

where do the putamen and caudate receive input from and project to?

A
  • putamen — receives almost exclusive input from motor and somatosensory cortices and projects back to motor areas (thus related to motor loop)
  • caudate — input from cortical association areas and projects to prefrontal areas
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13
Q

what kind of input does the ventral striatum (including nucleus accumbens) receive?

A

limbic input and thus related to emotions

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14
Q

The arterial supply to the basal ganglia comes mainly from the_______ artery,a continuation of the _______ artery.

A
  • MCA
  • ICA
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15
Q

what provides ,post of the circulation to the striatum and lenticular nucleus?

A

lenticulostriate artery

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16
Q

what branches of the internal carotid artery supply the more anterior aspect of the basal ganglia? (ie. head of caudate nucleus and the nucleus accumbens)

A

anterior cerebral artery and the anterior choroidal artery

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17
Q

what artery supplies the head of caudate nucleus, anterior portion of lentiform nucelus (GP + putamen) and anterior limb of the internal capsule?

A

medial striate artery (of Heubner)

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18
Q

what are more posterior structures of the basal ganglia and thus receive vasculature from branches of the posterior cerebral and posterior communicating arteries?

A

STN and substantia nigra

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19
Q

venous drainage of basal ganglia?

A

via striate branches of the internal cerebral vein whcih drain into the great cerebral vein

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20
Q
A
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21
Q
A
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22
Q

the curved, tapering tail of the caudate follows the curvature of the ______ into the _______ lobe

A

lateral ventricle into the temporal lobe

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23
Q

what lies lateral to the internal capsule?

A

putamen and GP

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24
Q

lesions of the basal ganglia produce effects on what side of the body?

A

contralateral

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25
Q

what is the diencephalon made up of?

A

thalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus and hypothalamus

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26
Q

the thalamus contributes to the lateral wall of what and extends anteriorly into what?

A
  • lateral wall of 3rd ventricle
  • anteriorly to the interventricular foramen
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27
Q

the thalamus lies medial to what?

A

the posterior limb of the internal capsule

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28
Q

what connects the thalamus to the other side?

A

massa intermedia

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29
Q

what in the diencephalon contributes to the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle?

A

hypothalamus and thalamus

30
Q

what attaches the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

A

pituitary stalk

31
Q

what are the functions of the hypothalamus?

A

endocrine control, temperature control, homeostasis, water balance

32
Q

what are the mammillary bodies?

A

2 rounded elevations that overlie the mammillary nuclei of the hypothalamus

33
Q

what is the most posterior structure of the diencephalon, located rostral to the superior colliculus?

A

epithalamus

34
Q

what are the main components of the epithalamus?

A

habenular nucleus and pineal gland

35
Q

what does the pineal gland produce?

36
Q

where is subthalamus?

A

inferior to the thalamus, dorsolateral to the hypothalamus and superior to the tegmentum of the midbrain

37
Q

what does the subthalamus contain and therefore do?

A

contains subthalamic nucleus which has connections with the globus pallidus + substantia nigra — therefore involved in the control of movement

39
Q

diencephalon function?

A

Primary relay and processing center for sensory information and autonomic control:
- via connectionslimbic system - seat of memory and emotion
- via connections with basal ganglia - motor coordination
- via connections with primary sensory areas, such as auditory or visual

40
Q

what is the limbic system involved in?

A

memory, behaviour, emotion and olfaction

41
Q

what are the several important components in the limbic system?

A
  • amygdala
  • hippocampus
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • basal ganglia
  • cingulate gyrus
42
Q

limbic system :

afferent info is received from ________ and fibres leaving the limbic system project to the _______

A
  • afferent info is received from the association cortex and fibres leaving the limbic system project to the hypothalamus
43
Q

describe the limbic lobe

A

= forms a border around the corpus callosum and rostral brain stem

  • consists of the parahippocampal gyrus, cingulate gyrus and subcallosal gyrus
44
Q

what does the hippocampal formation consist of?

A
  • hippocampus
  • dentate gyrus
  • parahippocampal gyrus
45
Q

what does the hippocampal formation play a major part in?

A

memory, learning and spatial navigation

46
Q

where does the hippocampal formation receive input from?

A

entorhinal area of the parahippocampal gyrus

47
Q

where does the hippocampus lie along the floor of?

A

the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle

48
Q

what does the dentate gyrus extend between?

A

hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus

49
Q

the hippocampus is c-shaped and is on the inferomedial aspect of the what?

A

temporal lobe

50
Q

what is the amygdaloid body involved in?

A

the formation and storage of memories; associated with the acquisition and expression of fear conditioning and is also involved in olfaction

51
Q

what does the amygdaloid body receive input from?

A

the association cortices, cingulate gyrus and olfactory bulb and from brainstem visceral pathways

52
Q

where is the amygdaloid body?

A
  • at the anterior end of the tail of the caudate nucleus
  • lies in the temporal lobe near the uncus, overlying the anterior part of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle
55
Q

what does the fornix connect and what can it be divided into?

A
  • connects the posterior part of the hippocampus with the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus
  • can be divided into the crus, body, commissure and the anterior columns
56
Q

what does the stria terminalis connect?

A

connects the amygdaloid body with the anterior hypothalamus and the septal nuclei

57
Q

what does the mammillothalamic tract connect?

A

connects the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus with the anterior nuclei of the thalamus

59
Q

what is the papez circuit?

A

= a neural pathway leading from the hippocampus by way of the forniz to the mammillary body and thence returning to the hippocampus by way of, sequentially, the anterior thalamic nuclei, cingulate gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus

60
Q

fill in the gaps of the Papez circuit

61
Q

what are primary olfactory neuroens like?

62
Q

primary olfactory neurons are bipolar whose receptors are dispersed where?

A

the olfactory mucosa on the superior nasal concha and upper part of the nasal septum

63
Q

what do the central processes of the primary olfactory neurons form?

A

the axons of the olfactory nerves

64
Q

where do olfactory nerves enter the skull?

A

through the cribiform plate

65
Q

olfactory nerves terminate in the _____ by synapsing on ______

A
  • olfactory bulb
  • mitral cells
66
Q

what do the axons of mitral cells enter?

A

the olfactory tract

67
Q

what happens at the posterior end of the olfactory tract?

A

the fibres divide into 2 bundles; the medial and lateral stria

68
Q

what happens to the fibres that enter the medial stria?

A

pass in the anterior commissure to the contralateral olfactory bulb and septal area

69
Q

what happens to the fibres in the lateral stria?

A
  • most fibres enter here
  • continue on to the primary olfactory cortex in the uncus and amygdaloid body
70
Q

where is the uncus?

A

on medial surface of temporal lobe in anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus

72
Q

where are the habenular nuclei?

A

just anterior to the pineal gland

ANATOMY SEM 3 (22 decks)

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