B1 - skull: protection of the CNS 2 Flashcards
what bones contribute to the neurocranium?
—> 8 : 4 unpaired and 4 paired
- temporal = paired
- parietal = paired
- occipital = unpaired
- frontal = unpaired
- ethmoid = unpaired
- sphenoid = unpaired
mnemonic to remember bones of neurocranium?
STEP OF
identify A-F
A = temporal
B = parietal
C = occipital
D = frontal
E = ethmoid
F = sphenoid
what does the frontal bone laterally articulate with?
zygoma
what bones contribute to the viscerocranium?
—> 14 bones: 6 paired and 2 unpaired
- maxilla = paired
- mandible = unpaired
- vomer = unpaired
- inferior nasal concha = paired
- lacrimal = paired
- nasal = paired
- zygomatic = paired
identify A-G
a = mandible
b = maxilla
c = vomer
d = inferior nasal concha
e = lacrimal
f = nasal
g = zygomatic
identify A-F and state whether they’re viscerocranial or neurocranial
A = maxilla - viscerocranial
B = palatine - viscerocranial
C = sphenoid - neurocranial
D = zygomatic - viscerocranial
E = temporal - neurocranial
F = occipital - neurocranial
describe the frontal bone
- creates a smooth curvature of the forehead
- protects the frontal lobe of the brain
- most anterior bone of the neurocranium
name A-F of the frontal bone
A = glabella
B = supraorbital notch
C = supraciliary ridge
D = frontal eminence
E = zygomatic process of frontal bone
F = nasal process of frontal bone
describe the sphenoid bone (what is it surrounded by anteriorly, superiorly, posteriorly and laterally?)
- surrounded anteriorly by the frontal bone, superiorly by the parietal bone and posteriorly, as well as laterally, by the temporal bone
- has a central part with 3 main projections = lesser and greater wings, pterygoid process
identify A-F of the sphenoid bone
A = greater wing
B = lesser wing
C = sella turcica
D = sphenoid sinus (in body)
E = lateral pterygoid plate
F = medial pterygoid plate
describe the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
- highest part of sphenoid bone
- forms the sphenoid ridge
what does the sphenoid ridge do?
separates the anterior and middle cranial fossae
describe the ethmoid bone
- consists of a horizontal and vertical plate
- it cascades dow from the roof of the nasal cavity and separates it into 2 nasal passages
- its appendages include the superior and middle nasal conchae
identify A-F of the ethmoid bone
A = crista galli
B = perpendicular plate
C = cribiform plate
D = superior nasal concha
E = inferior nasal concha
F = ethmoid air cells
describe the occipital bone
- an unpaired bone
- the most posterior superior bone of the neruocranium
- creates the rounded bulb of the head at the nape of the neck and covers the cerebellum and the brainstem in a bony capsule
- the only cranial bone to articulate with the cervical spine
identify A-G of the occipital bone
A = foramen magnum
B = basiocciput
C = pharyngeal tubercle
D = occipital condyle (on each side of FM)
E = external occipital protuberance
F = superior nuchal line
G = external occipital crest
what joins to the occipital condyles of the occipital bone?
the atlas vertebrae
what passes through the foramen magnum?
the spinal cord + accompanying structures
what is the basilar part of the occipital bone? what converge on it on each side?
= the part in front of the foramen magnum
- slopes forwards and upwards
- temporal bones converge on it on each side
what is the squamous part of the occipital bone?
the part behind the foramen magnum
identify A-G of the temporal bone
A = squamous part
B = zygomatic process
C = petrous part
D = mastoid process (can feel behind ear)
E = mandibular fossa
F = external acoustic/auditory meatus
G = internal acoustic/auditory meatus
identify A-H of the mandible and what is the arrow pointing to?
A = coronoid process
B = angle
C = condyle/head
D = ramus
E = body
F = alveolar process
G = mylohyoid line
H = mandibular notch
arrow = mandibular foramen
identify A-G of the maxilla
A = frontal process
B = zygomatic process
C = orbital surface
D = alveolar process
E = maxillary tuberosity
F = anterior nasal spine
G = inferior orbital foramen
