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ANATOMY SEM 3 > A8 - gait/lower limb 2 (leg and foot muscles) > Flashcards

A8 - gait/lower limb 2 (leg and foot muscles) Flashcards

1
Q

name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • fibularis tertius
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2
Q

what are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg innervated by?

A

deep fibular (peroneal) nerve (L4-S1)

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3
Q

what is the blood supply of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

anterior tibial artery

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4
Q

O, I and action of tibialis anterior

A

O = lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
I = medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I
action = extends and inverts foot

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5
Q

O, I and action of extensor digitorum longus

A

O = anterior shaft of fibula
I = extensor expansion of lateral 4 toes
action = extends toes and foot at ankle joint

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6
Q

where can the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus be palpated?

A

on the dorsal surface of the foot

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7
Q

where does extensor digitorum longus lie in relation to tibialis anterior?

A

lateral and deep

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8
Q

where is extensor hallicus longus in relation to extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anteiror?

A

deep

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9
Q

O, I and action of extensor hallucis longus

A

O = anterior surface of shaft of fibula
I = base of distal phalanx of great toe
action = extends big toe and foot at ankle joint, inverts foot

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10
Q

describe fibularis tertius

A
  • arises from the most inferior part of the EDL
  • not present in all individuals and is considered by some texts as a part of the extensor digitorum longus
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11
Q

O, I and action of fibularis tertius

A

O = inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
I = dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
action = eversion and dorsiflexion of foot

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

what are the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris
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14
Q

what innervates all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibial nerve

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15
Q

what is the tibial nerve the terminal branch of?

A

sciatic nerve

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16
Q

where do all the muscles in the superficial posterior leg insert?

A

calcaneal tendon

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17
Q

which muscle is the most superficial in the posterior leg?

A

gastrocnemius

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18
Q

origin of gastrocnemius

A

medial and lateral femoral condyles (it has 2 heads which converge to form a single muscle belly)

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19
Q

soleus origin

A

soleal line of tibia, head and shaft of fibula

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20
Q

origin of plantaris

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of femur

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21
Q

action of gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris

A

plantar flexion of foot

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22
Q

how is friction minimised during movement of the calcaneal tendon?

A

2 bursae = fluid filled sacs

  1. subcutaneous calcaneal bursa — lies between the skin and calcaneal tendon
  2. deep bursa of the calcaneal tendon — lies between the tendon and the calcaneus
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23
Q

the calcaneal reflex tests what spinal roots?

A

S1-S2

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24
Q

what muscles are in the deep compartment of the posterior leg?

A
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorum longus
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25
Q

O, I and action of flexor hallicus longus

A

O = posterior surface of fibular shaft
I = base of distal phalanx of big toe
action = flexes big toe and plantar flexes the foot

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26
Q

O, I and action of tibialis posterior

A

O = posterior surface of tibial and fibula shafts and interosseous membrane
I = tuberosity of navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid and base of 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals
action = plantar flexes and inverts the foot

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27
Q

O, I and action of flexor digitorum longus

A

O = posterior surface of fibula shaft
I = base of distal phalanx of lateral 4 toes
action = flexes the toes and assists in plantar flexing the foot

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28
Q
A
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29
Q
A
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30
Q

what are the 2 muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

peroneus (fibularis) longus and brevis

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31
Q

what are the lateral leg muscles innervated by?

A

superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve

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32
Q

what are the actions of the lateral leg muscles?

A

eversion and weak plantar flexion

33
Q

O and I of peroneus (fibularis) longus

A

O : head and superior 2/3 of lateral shaft of fibula
I : base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

34
Q

O and I of peroneus (fibularis) brevis

A

O : inferior 2/3 of lateral shaft of fibula
I : tuberosity on base of 5th metatarsal

35
Q

what are the intrinsic dorsal foot muscles?

A
  • extensor digitorum brevis
  • extensor hallucis brevis
36
Q

what innervates the intrinsic dorsal foot muscles?

A

deep fibular nerve

37
Q

what dos extensor digitorum brevis lie deep to?

A

the tendon of the extensor digitorum longus

38
Q

O, I and actions of extensor digitorum brevis

A

O = calcaneus, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament and the inferior extensor retinaculum
I = proximal phalanx of the great toe and the long extensor tendons of toes 2-4
actions = aids the EDL in extending the medial 4 toes at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

39
Q

O, I and actions of extensor hallucis brevis

A

O : calcaneus, the interosseuous talocalcaneal ligament and the inferior extensor retinaculum
I : base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
actions: aids the extensor hallucis longus in extending the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint

40
Q

how many layers does the plantar foot have?

41
Q

what muscles are in the 1st (most superficial) plantar layer?

A
  • abductor hallucis
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • flexor digitorum brevis
42
Q

actions and innervation of abductor hallucis

A

actions : abducts and flexes the great toe
innervation : medial plantar nerve

43
Q

actions and innervation of flexor digitorum brevis

A

actions : flexes the lateral 4 digits at the proximal interphalangeal joints
innervation : medial plantar nerve

44
Q

what muscle is located on the medial side of the sole, where it contributes to a small soft tissue bulge?

A

abductor hallucis

45
Q

what lies lateral to the abductor hallucis?

A

flexor digitorum brevis

46
Q

the flexor digitorum brevis sits in the ____ of the sole, sandwiched between the ______ and the tendons of _______

A
  • centre
  • between the plantar aponeurosis and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus
47
Q

actions and innervation of abductor digiti minimi

A

actions : abducts and flexes the 5th digit
innervation: lateral plantar nerve

49
Q

what tendons pass through the 2nd plantar layer?

A

tendons of flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic foot muscle)

50
Q

what muscles are in the 2nd layer of the plantar foot?

A
  • quadratus plantae
  • lumbricals
51
Q

what muscle lies superior to the flexor digitorum longus tendons in the plantar foot?

A

quadratus plantae

52
Q

what is quadratus plantae separated from the 1st layer by?

A

lateral plantar vessels and nerve

53
Q

actions and innervation of quadratus plantae

A

actions : assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing the lateral 4 digits
innervation : lateral plantar nerve

54
Q

what are the lumbricals located medial to?

A

their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus

55
Q

actions and innervation of lumbricals

A

actions: flexes at the metatarsophalangeal joints, while extending the interphalangeal joints
innervation: most medial by medial plantar and remaining 3 by lateral plantar

57
Q

what muscles are in the 3rd plantar layer?

A
  • flexor hallucis brevis
  • adductor hallucis
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
58
Q

actions and innervation of flexor hallucis brevis

A
  • on medial side of foot

actions : flexes the proximal phalanx of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint
innervation : medial plantar nerve

59
Q

what lies lateral to flexor hallucis brevis?

A

adductor hallucis

60
Q

actions and innervation of adductor hallucis

A
  • consists of an oblique and transverse head

actions : adduct the great toe. assists in forming the transverse arch of the foot
innervation : deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve

61
Q

actions and innervation of flexor digiti minimi brevis

A
  • lateral side of foot underneath the metatarsal of the little toe

actions : flexes the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
innervation : superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve

63
Q

what is the 4th layer made up of?

A

plantar and dorsal interossei

64
Q

how many plantar interossei are there? where are they located and what do they arise from?

A
  • there are 3
  • located between the metatarsals
  • each arises from a single metatarsal
65
Q

actions and innervation of plantar interossei

A

actions : adducts digits 3-5 and flex the metatarsophalangeal joints
innervation : lateral plantar nerve

66
Q

how many dorsal interossei are there? where are they located and what do they arise from?

A
  • there are 4
  • located between metatarsals
  • each arises from 2 metatarsals
67
Q

actions and innervation of dorsal interossei

A

actions : abducts digits 2-4 and flex the metatarsophalangeal joints
innervation : lateral plantar nerve

71
Q

what does the sural nerve accompany?

A

lesser saphenous vein

72
Q

what does the saphenous nerve accompany?

A

greater saphenous vein

73
Q

the saphenous nerve is the terminal branch of what?

A

femoral nerve

74
Q

when does the femoral nerve become the saphenous nerve?

A

when it passes through the adductor canal

75
Q

how is the sural nerve formed?

A

formed by the union of the terminal branches of the tibial and common fibular nerves (from sciatic)

76
Q

what does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve pass over?

A

inguinal ligament

77
Q

what 2 muscles pump veins?

A

soleus and gastrocnemius

78
Q

which is the most important layer of the foot and why?

A

2nd — contains neurovascular bundle

79
Q

mneumonic for what goes behind the posterior malleolus

A

Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry

  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • artery (posterior tibial)
  • vein (posterior tibial)
  • nerve (tibial)
  • flexor hallicus longus

ANATOMY SEM 3 (22 decks)

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