B3.2 Transport Flashcards
What is the definition of transport in humans?
The movement of substances like oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste around the body.
Where does the heart pump blood through?
The circulatory system.
What are the four chambers of the heart called?
Left and right atria, left and right ventricles.
Which is on the top of the heart, the ventricles or the atria?
The atria.
What is the function of valves?
To prevent the backflow of blood.
What are the three types of blood vessels?
Arteries, veins, capillaries.
What is the function of arteries?
To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (except the pulmonary artery).
What is the function of veins?
To carry deoxygenated blood to the heart (except pulmonary veins).
Which of these have valves; arteries, veins, capillaries?
Veins.
What is the function of capillaries?
To be the site of exchange between blood and tissues.
What size are capillaries?
Tiny, only one cell thick.
What are the four components of blood?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
What is the function of the red blood cell?
To transport oxygen.
What do red blood cells contain?
Haemoglobin.
What is the function of white blood cells?
To fight infection.
What is the function of platelets?
To help with blood clotting.
What are the functions of plasma?
Liquid part of the blood, carries nutrients, hormones and waste.
What is the function of the xylem?
To transport water and minerals from roots to leaves.
_____ has a one-way flow and _____ has a two-way flow.
The xylem has a one-way flow and the phloem has a two-way flow.
What is transpiration?
Water evaporation from leaves pulls the water upwards.
How does the xylem transport water and minerals?
Using transpiration.
What are the walls of the xylem made out of?
Lignin.
What is the role of lignin in the xylem wall?
To strengthen the wall.
In the xylem _____ ______ allow for a continuous flow. What is missing?
In the xylem hollow tubes allow for a continuous flow.
What is the role of the phloem?
To transport sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant.
What sugars does the phloem transport to other parts of the plant?
Glucose and sucrose.
How does the phloem transport sugars to the other parts of the cell?
Using translocation.
What is translocation?
The active transport of sugars.
In the phloem, _____ tubes allow flow and _____ cells provide ____. What is missing?
In the phloem, sieve tubes allow flow and companion cells provide energy.
