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biology ib > B1.2 Proteins > Flashcards

B1.2 Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

What are proteins?

A

Large biological molecules made of amino acids, essential for structure and function in cells

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2
Q

Which elements does protein contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sometimes sulfur

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3
Q

What are the functions of proteins?

A

H-hormones
E- enzymes
I- immunity
S- structural
T- transport

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4
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Speed up reactions

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5
Q

What’s an example of an enzyme?

A

Amylase

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6
Q

How do proteins help structure?

A

Collagen in skin and bones

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7
Q

How do proteins help transport?

A

Haemoglobin in the blood.

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8
Q

How do proteins relate to hormones?

A

Insulin for blood sugar regulation

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9
Q

How does protein help immunity?

A

Antibodies

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10
Q

What is an amino acid?

A

Building blocks of proteins

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11
Q

What do peptide bonds do?

A

Link amino acids together

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12
Q

What are dipeptides?

A

Two amino acids joined

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13
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

A long chain of amino acids

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14
Q

How many levels of structure do proteins have?

A

Four

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15
Q

What is the primary structure of a protein?

A

Sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

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16
Q

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

A

Folding into alpha helices or beta-pleated sheets due to hydrogen bonding.

17
Q

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

A

3D folding based on interactions between R groups

18
Q

What do the r groups in proteins do?

A

Determines function

19
Q

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

A

Multiple polypeptides joined together

20
Q

What is an example of the quaternary structure of a protein?

A

Haemoglobin

21
Q

What is denaturation of a protein?

A

When the protein loses its shape and function due to heat or pH changes

22
Q

What is an example of protein denaturation?

A

Cooking an egg (heat denatures the proteins turning it solid)

23
Q

What are the two types of proteins?

A

Fibrous and globular proteins

24
Q

What is the shape of a fibrous protein?

A

Long and thin

25
Q

What is the shape of a globular protein?

26
Q

Which protein is soluble, fibrous or globular?

27
Q

What is the function of a fibrous protein?

A

Structural

28
Q

What is the function of a globular protein?

29
Q

What are some examples of fibrous proteins?

A

Collagen, keratin

30
Q

What are some examples of globular proteins?

A

Haemoglobin, insulin

biology ib (15 decks)

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