B3 Organaisation and The Digestive System Flashcards
What is an organelle?
A specialised unit within a cell which performs a specific function (organ of a cell)
What is a cell?
The basic building block of all living organisms
What is a tissue?
A group of cells working together to perform a shared function, and often with similar structure
What is an organ?
A structure made up of groups of different tissues, working together to perform specific functions
What is an organ system?
A group of organs with related functions, working together to perform certain functions within the body
What is amylase and where is it found?
An enzyme that breaks down starch.
Found in the salivary glands,pancreas and the small intestine
What is protease and where is it found?
An enzyme that breaks down protiens
It’s found in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine
What is lipase and where is it found?
Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats and oils
It’s found in the small intestine and pancreas
What factors affect enzyme activity?
Temperature and PH level
Why won’t the enzyme work well when temperature or PH level is too high?
The enzymes become denatured
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the reaction in a cell or body
What temperature do most human enzymes work best at?
Around 37°C
which is the average human body temperature
Why does your liver create bile?
It is an alkali that neutralises the stomach acid as it goes to the small intestine
Is bile an enzyme?
No, it is an emuslifer (something that helps substances that can’t mix to come together e.g. water and oil - frying pan thought experiment)
What are enzymes known as?
Biological catalysts
What do carbohydrates break down to?
Simple sugars
What does starch break down as?
Glucose
What does protien break down as?
Long chain of amino acids
What do lipids break down as?
1 molecule of glycerol + 3 fatty acids
What is the active site?
The part of the enzyme to which a specific substrate can attach or fit on to.
How to test starch?
Yellow-Red iodine solution turns blue-black
How to test for sugar?
Benedict solution turns brick-red (after heating gentley for 10 mins)
How to test for lipids(fats)?
Ethanol has a cloudy-white layer
How to test for protien?
Blue Biuret reagent turns purple
What is the fuction of the small intestine?
Absorbs soluble food molecules and transports them to the blood.
What is the motion which the oesophagus moves food?
Peristalsis
What is an enzyme?
Protiens which help speed up the rate of reactions in the body.
Explain the lock and key theory.
1) Substrate binds to active site of the enzyme
2) This because shape of active site and substrate are complementary
3) A chemical reaction occurs to produce smaller molecules
