B3 Organaisation and The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is an organelle?

A

A specialised unit within a cell which performs a specific function (organ of a cell)

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2
Q

What is a cell?

A

The basic building block of all living organisms

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3
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of cells working together to perform a shared function, and often with similar structure

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4
Q

What is an organ?

A

A structure made up of groups of different tissues, working together to perform specific functions

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5
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs with related functions, working together to perform certain functions within the body

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6
Q

What is amylase and where is it found?

A

An enzyme that breaks down starch.
Found in the salivary glands,pancreas and the small intestine

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7
Q

What is protease and where is it found?

A

An enzyme that breaks down protiens
It’s found in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine

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8
Q

What is lipase and where is it found?

A

Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats and oils
It’s found in the small intestine and pancreas

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9
Q

What factors affect enzyme activity?

A

Temperature and PH level

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10
Q

Why won’t the enzyme work well when temperature or PH level is too high?

A

The enzymes become denatured

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11
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The sum of all the reaction in a cell or body

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12
Q

What temperature do most human enzymes work best at?

A

Around 37°C
which is the average human body temperature

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13
Q

Why does your liver create bile?

A

It is an alkali that neutralises the stomach acid as it goes to the small intestine

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14
Q

Is bile an enzyme?

A

No, it is an emuslifer (something that helps substances that can’t mix to come together e.g. water and oil - frying pan thought experiment)

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15
Q

What are enzymes known as?

A

Biological catalysts

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16
Q

What do carbohydrates break down to?

A

Simple sugars

17
Q

What does starch break down as?

18
Q

What does protien break down as?

A

Long chain of amino acids

19
Q

What do lipids break down as?

A

1 molecule of glycerol + 3 fatty acids

20
Q

What is the active site?

A

The part of the enzyme to which a specific substrate can attach or fit on to.

21
Q

How to test starch?

A

Yellow-Red iodine solution turns blue-black

22
Q

How to test for sugar?

A

Benedict solution turns brick-red (after heating gentley for 10 mins)

23
Q

How to test for lipids(fats)?

A

Ethanol has a cloudy-white layer

24
Q

How to test for protien?

A

Blue Biuret reagent turns purple

25
What is the fuction of the small intestine?
Absorbs soluble food molecules and transports them to the blood.
26
What is the motion which the oesophagus moves food?
Peristalsis
27
What is an enzyme?
Protiens which help speed up the rate of reactions in the body.
28
Explain the lock and key theory.
1) Substrate **binds** to active site of the enzyme 2) This because shape of active site and substrate are complementary 3) A chemical reaction occurs to produce smaller molecules