Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GCSE AQA Biology Flashcards > B11 Hormonal Coordination > Flashcards

B11 Hormonal Coordination Flashcards

1
Q

What is hyperglycema?

A

When the glucose level in the blood is too high.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is hypoglycema?

A

When glucose level in the blood is too low.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens when glucose level in the blood is too high?

A

When blood glucose is too high, cells start to lose water by osmosis and undergo crenation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens when the level of glucose in the blood is too low?

A

When the glucose level in blood is too low, cells can’t respire efficiently to release energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the body control hyperglycema (too high glucose level in the blood)?

A

1) High glucose level in blood is detected by the pancreas
2) Pancreas releases insulin hormone into blood
3) Blood transports insulin to its target organs
4) Liver converte glucose into glycogen and it’s stored in the liver
5) Muscles start to respire faster to use up more glucose

Glucose level in blood decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does the body control hypoglycema (low levels of glucose in the blood)?

A

1) Low level of glucose in the blood is detected by pancreas
2) Pancreas releases glucagon in the blood
3) Blood transports glucagon to targeted organs
4) Liver converts glycogen into glucose and it’s released
5) Muscules start to respire at a slower rate so less glucose is used

Glucose level in the blood increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

This is a genetically inherited and is classified as an ‘auto-immune’ disease, so anti-bodies are produced to damage the pancreatic cells meaning that there is not enough insulin being produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an auto-immune disease?

A

When white blood cells can’t distinguish on cells and they produce antibodies to damage those cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is type 1 diabetes treated?

A

It is treated by injecting insulin hormone into the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

When target cells ,such as muscles and liver cells, don’t respond to insulin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is type 2 diabetes controlled?

A
  • Less intake of carbohydrates
  • Exercise
  • Medicine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of the hormone produced by the pituitary gland?

A
  • Controls growth in children
  • Stimulate thyroid gland to make more thyroxine
  • Stimulates the ovaries to produce/release eggs and oestrogen
  • Stimulates testes to make sperm and testostrone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of the hormone produced by the thyroid gland?

A

Controls metabolic rate of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of the hormone produced by the pancreas?

A

Controls level of glucose in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of the hormone produced by the adrenal gland?

A

Prepares the body for stressful situations - eg. the flight or fight response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the role of the hormone produced by the ovaries?

A

Controls the development of the female secondary characteristics and is involved in the menstrual cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the role of the hormone produced by the testes?

A

Controls the development of the male secondary characterists and is involved in the production of sperm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is adrenaline secreted from?

A

From the adrenal glands, above the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens to the body when adrenaline is released into the body.

A
  • Increases heart rate
  • Increases breathing rate
  • Blood circulation is deviated from less important organs
  • Pupils dialate
  • Breaking down of glycogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why does the heart rate increase when adrenaline is released?

A

To pump out more blood to muscles so they can receive more glucose and oxygen for increased respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why does the breathing rate increase when adrenaline is released into the body?

A

To provide more oxygen by inhalation and to get rid of more CO2 by exhalation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is the blood circulation deviated from less important organs when adrenaline is released?

A

Blood circulation is deviated from less important organs ,such as; the digestive system, reproductive organs, so there is more blood for the important organs such as brain and muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why do pupils dialate when adrenaline is released?

A

To let more light it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why is glycogen broken down when adrenaline is released?

A

Broken down into glucose and is released into the blood for more energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How is **thyroxine** secreted?
By the thyroid gland using **iodine** and **thyrosine amino acids**.
26
What does the thyroxine hormone control?
Basal Metabolic Rate (*rate of all chemical reactions in living organisms*)
27
What are the two type of metabolic reactions?
Anabolic (synthesis) Catabolic (breaking down)
28
What metabolic reaction is always occuring in the body?
Respiration.
29
How does the body control a low rate of respiration?
1) Hypothalamus detects low-level of energy in cells and it sends signals to pituitary gland 2) Pituitary gland secretes more TSH into the blood 3) Blood carries more TSH in thyroid gland 4) Thyroid gland secretes more thyroxine into blood 5) Thyroxine increases rate of respiration in cells
30
How does the body control a high rate of respiration?
1) Hypothalamus detects high-level of energy in cells and sends signals to the pituitary gland 2) Pituitary gland secretes TSH inhibitor 3) Blood carries less/none TSH in thyroid gland 4) Thyroid gland secretes less/none thyroxine into the blood 5) Rate of respiration decreases
31
What is a hormone?
A chemical produced and released by endocrine glands which are released into the bloodstream
32
What is the role of **FSH**?
- Causes the egg to mature - Stimulates oestrogen to be released
33
What is the role of **LH**?
- Triggers ovulation
34
What is the role of **Oestrogen**?
- Causes the lining of the uterus to develop - Stimulates release of LH
35
What is the role of **Progestrone**?
- Maintain the lining of the uterus - Inhibits FSH and LH
36
What is the hormone cycle during menustration?
- The pitutary gland secretes FSH which causes an egg to mature - FSH causes the ovary to secrete oestrogen - Oestrogen causes pitutary gland to secrete LH which causes the egg to be released from the ovary - Progestrone is released and inhibits both LH and FSH
37
How do oral contraceptives work?
They contain hormones to inhibit FSH production so that no eggs mature
38
How do conctraceptive injections,implants or skin patches work?
They provide a slow release progesterone to inhibit the maturation and release of eggs for a number of months or years.
39
How do contraceptive barrier methods work?
They prevent the sperm reaching the egg
40
How do intrauterine devices work?
It is inserted into the uterus to release copper atoms gradually and to kill sperm cells. -*this can be effective up to 10yrs*
41
How do spermicidal agents work?
They kill or disable sperm
42
What is the role of the pituitary gland?
- acts as the master gland - controls child growth
43
What is the role of the thyroid gland?
Controls metabolism
44
What is the role of the pancrease?
Controls blood glucose level
45
What is the role of the adrenal gland?
Controls fight or flight response
46
What is the role of testostrone?
Promotes male secondary characterisitucs and stimulates sperm production.
47
What is a tropism?
The directional growth response in which the direction of the response is determined by the direction of the external stimulus.
48
What is a positive tropism?
A growth response towards the stimulus *- e.g. Light*
49
What is a negative tropism?
A growth away from the stimulus *- e.g. Gravity*
50
Give two examples of an anabolic reaction.
- Protien synthesis - Photosynthesis
51
Give two examples of a catabolic reaction.
- Respiration - Digestion
52
What is a vasectomy?
The surgical process which is used to block or cut the sperm ducts.
53
What is tubal ligation?
The surgical process which is used to block or cut the fallopian tube
54
What are three factors which cause infertility?
- Low hormone concentration - Low sperm count - Wrong shape of sperm (unhealthy)
55
What is the process of IVF (Invitro Fertilisation)?
1) Female is treated with FSH and LH to stimulate maturation and ovulation 2) Egg cells are extracted and transferred to petridishes 3) Each egg cell is fertilised by sperm cells to form zygotes and embryos 4) Embyos are examined for their growth and inhertiance of genetic diseases 5) One or two healthy embryos are transplanted back to mother's uterus
56
During IVF, what kind of nutrients will the petridishes contain?
Vitamins, amino acids, glucose, etc.
57
What are the advantages of IVF?
- can be used anytime - can be used as a fertility treatment - safe
58
What are the disadvantages of IVF?
- expensive - low sucess rate - high stress - surgery required
59
What occurs in the shoots and roots during phototropism?
- Shoots have positive tropism (towards light) - Roots have negative tropism (away light)
60
What is phototropism?
A plant's growth response towards light
61
What is geotropism?
A plant's growth response towards gravity
62
What is the benefit of positive phototropism?
To maximise amount of light received for photosynthesis
63
What is the benefit for negative phototropism?
Less chance of drying out
64
What happens during positive phototropism in the shoots?
1) Auxin hormone is produced in the shoot tips 2) Auxin diffuses down to zone of elongation 3) Auxin moves away from light 4) The higher the concentration of auxin the faster the cell elongation 5) Therefore shoot bends towards light
65
What occurs in the shoots and roots during geotropism?
- Shoots have negative tropism (away gravity) - Roots have positive tropism (towards gravity)
66
Why is positive geotropism important for plants?
To get more water and nutrients from the soil
67
What happens during positive geotropism in roots?
1) Auxin hormone is produced by the root tip 2) Auxin diffuses into zone of elongation 3) Auxin moves towards gravity 4) The higher the concentration of auxin the slower the cell elongation 5) Therefore root bends towards gravity
68
What are commercial uses of auxin?
- selective weed killer - root powder - added to growth medium in tissue culture
69
How is the hormone auxin used in selective weed killer?
- Plants with broad leaves absorb herbicide with a high concentration of auxin - High auxin level increases it's metabloic rate - Plant can't tolerate high metabolic rate and dies
70
What are herbicides?
Chemicals used to kill unwanted plants which compete with crops
71
How is auxin used in root powder?
Plants cuttings are used to make identical plants in asexual reproduction. These plant cuttings are placed in rooting powder to stimulate root formation
72
What is gibberellin?
Hormone required for stem elongation in plants
73
What are uses of the hormone gibberellin?
- making seedless fruit - making fruit bigger - to break dormancy in seeds - increases flowering in plants
74
What is ethene?
A gaseous hormone which stimulates the rippening of fruits.
75
What is a commercial use of ethene hormone?
Fruits are harvested unripe and then fed ethene near selling time to ripen.
76
If three plants were put under **No sunlight**, **Partial sunlight** and **Full sunlight**, which would grow the tallest in a given time?
The plant with no sunlight will grow the tallest as seedlings grow rapidly in the dark trying to reach the light. However it's leaves will appear small and yellow due to lack of photosynthesis
77
What are the independant variable in the **Effect of Light in Plants** practical?
Light intensity
78
What are the dependant variable in the **Effect of Light in Plants** practical?
Height of seedlings
79
What are the control variable in the **Effect of Light in Plants** practical?
- Type of seeds - Amount of water - Amount of seeeds - Average temperature of surroundings
80
What is negative feedback?

GCSE AQA Biology Flashcards (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions