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Biology > B3 > Flashcards

B3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a tissue

A

A tissue is a group of cells with a similar structre and function working to together.

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2
Q

What is an organ

A

Organs are a collection of tissues. Organs contain several tissues, all working together too form a specific task.

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3
Q

Tissues in the organ.

A

Muscle tissue-to churn food and digestive juices of the stomach together
Glandular tissue-to produce digestive juices
Epithelial tissue-coats the outside and inside of the muscle.

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4
Q

What is an Organ system

A

A organ system is group of organs working together too form a similar function.

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5
Q

What does the digestive system do

A

It breaks down large insoluble molecules so it can be soluble and we absorb all the molecules

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6
Q

What is the digestive system

A

An organ system

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7
Q

How does the digestive system move food through it

A

It uses muscular tubes to move it across

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8
Q

What does the glands make and release

A

They release digestive juices counting enzymes to break down food

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9
Q

Where does the body break down large insoluble molecules so it can be soluble

A

In the stomach and the small intestine and enzymes are used to break down the food

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10
Q

Where does the food molecules get absorbed

A

In the small intestine

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11
Q

Adaptation of the small intestine

A
  • it has a large surface area as it is covered in villi
  • it has a good blood supply
  • it has a short diffusion distance to the blood
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12
Q

What transports the food molecules around the body

A

Your blood

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13
Q

Where does the small intestine squeeze undigested food too

A

The large intestine

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14
Q

What does the the large intestine do

A

It absorbs water from the undigested food to produce faeces

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15
Q

What does the lives produce for the digestive system

A

Bile

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16
Q

What does bile help digest

A

Lipids

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17
Q

What do carbohydrates provide us with

A

Fuel too make all other reaction of life possible

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18
Q

What chemical elements do carbohydrates contain

A

Carbon,hydrogen and oxygen

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19
Q

What are carbohydrates made off (not elements)

A

Units of sugar

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20
Q

What are carbohydrates counting 1 sugar unit called

A

Glucose

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21
Q

What is an example of two sugar units joined together

A

Sucrose

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22
Q

What are small carbohydrates (sugar) units called

A

Simple sugars

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23
Q

What are examples of complex carbohydrates

A

Starch and cellulose

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24
Q

What are are complex carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose made up of

A

Long chains of simple sugars bonded together

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25
Q

What are carbohydrate-rich food

A
  • bread
  • rice
  • pasta
  • potatoes
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26
Q

What will happen to most of the carbohydrates you eat

A

They will be broken down to glucose and be used in cellular respiration

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27
Q

What are lipids

A

Lipids are fats (solids) and oils (liquids)

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28
Q

What are the functions of lipids

A

They are efficient energy stores and are a important source of energy in your diet

29
Q

How does lipids act on water

A

Lipids are insoluble in water so they don’t mix

30
Q

Where and why are lipids important

A

In your cell membrane as they act as hormones they are also important to the nervous system

31
Q

What chemical elements are lipids made of

A

Carbon,hydrogen and oxygen (like carbohydrates)

32
Q

Lipids are made of what (not chemical elements)

A

Three molecules of fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol

33
Q

What remains the same in lipids

A

The glycerol but the fatty acids can vary

34
Q

What makes lipids fats (solids) or oils (liquids)

A

The different combinations of fatty acids

35
Q

What are the uses of proteins

A

To build cells and tissues of your body it also basis to all enzymes

36
Q

What chemical elements make up proteins

A

Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen and nitogen

37
Q

What are types of protein rich foods

A
  • meat
  • fish
  • pulses(chickpea,peas,baked beans etc)
  • cheese
38
Q

What are proteins made up of (not elements)

A

Long chains of amino acids

39
Q

How many different type of amino acids are there

A

Around 20 different types

40
Q

How do we get different proteins

A

By different arrangements in the long chain of amino acid

41
Q

Why are the long chains of amino acids (to make proteins) are folded,coiled and twisted

A

To make specific 3D shapes so other molecules can fit inside them

42
Q

The bonds that hold the proteins in specific shapes are sensitive too what and what happens if these go over

A

The bonds that hold the protein in shape are sensitive to temperature and pH and if these go over the shape of the proteins is lost (as the bond would have been broken) and the protein becomes denatured

43
Q

What are the functions of proteins

A

They acts as:

  • structural components in tissues such as muscles
  • hormones such as insulin
  • antibodies that destroy pathogens
  • enzymes which act as catalyst
44
Q

What is a catalyst

A

A catalyst speeds up a reaction without being being used up

45
Q

What controls chemical reaction in you body

A

Enzymes

46
Q

What are enzymes

A

Biological catalysts

47
Q

How many substrates (reactants) does the enzymes react with

A

Each enzymes interacts with one particular substrates (reactants)

48
Q

What type of molecule are enzymes

A

Protein

49
Q

Why is the enzyme’s shape vital to it’s function

A

As enzymes use active sites which have unique shapes so it can react with a substrate molecules

50
Q

What is the theory called for how enzymes work

A

Lock and key

51
Q

How does the lock and key theory work

A

The substate fits into the enzymes active site and the two bind together and the enzyme either binds the substrate or breaks it up. The substrate is then released from the surface of the enzyme

52
Q

Do enzymes change reactions in any way

A

No they just make the reaction happen faster

53
Q

What is metabolism

A

Metabolism is the sum of all the reaction in a cell or in the body

54
Q

What controls the metabolism

A

enzymes

55
Q

What relative temperature does chemical reaction take place in cells

A

Relativity low temperature

56
Q

What happens to enzymes reaction as the temperature increases

A

Rate of reaction increases but this only true up to about 40ºc then the enzymes get denatured

57
Q

What does denatured mean

A

When an enzyme gets denatured it means its bonds breaks and the active site no longer works

58
Q

pH effect on Enzymes

A

Different enzymes work best in different pH’s so a change in pH effects them

59
Q

Where do most you enzymes work

A

Inside cells

60
Q

Where do digestive enzymes work

A

Outside your cell

61
Q

What produces the digestive enzymes

A

Salivary glands and your pancreas

62
Q

How does the enzymes come into contact with the food

A

The digestive tube has a large surface area and the broken down food further increases the surface area.

63
Q

How do each area of the digestive system differ to allow enzymes to work as efficiently as possible

A

Each area has a different pH level such as:

  • the mouth and small intestine(slightly alkaline)
  • the stomach(which is acidic)
64
Q

What are the enzymes that break dow carbohydrates called

A

Carbohydrases

65
Q

What enzyme catalyses the breaking down of starch into sugars

A

Amylase

66
Q

Where is amylase produced

A

In the mouth and the pancreas

67
Q

What enzyme breaks down protein into amino acids

A

Protease

68
Q

What enzyme breaks down fatty acids into glycerol

A

Lipase

Biology (9 decks)

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