B1

Question 1

Livings thing are made of ….

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

Cells can be

Answer 2

Prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells

Question 3

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 3

Are complex and include all animals and plant cell

Question 4

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 4

Are smaller and simpler

Question 5

Plant cells contain

Answer 5

Rigid cell walls made of cellulose
Permanent vacuole contains cell sap
Chloroplasts-these are where photosynthesis occurs and chlorophyll to absorb light
Nucleus controls the activities of cells
Cytoplasm - gel like substance that contains all chemical reactions
Cell membrane holds the cells together and controls what goes in and our
Ribosomes- where proteins are made
Mitochondria-there are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration happens.

Question 6

Animal cells cointain

Answer 6

Nucleus controls the activities of cells
Cytoplasm - gel like substance that contains all chemical reactions
Cell membrane holds the cells together and controls what goes in and our
Ribosomes- where proteins are made
Mitochondria-there are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration happens

Question 7

Bacterial cells

Answer 7

Prokaryotes
Cell well to keep it sturdy
Cytoplasm - gel like substance that contains all chemical reactions
Cell membrane holds the cells together and controls what goes in and our
Bacteria doesnt have a nucleus but single strands of DNA

Question 8

Magnification =

Answer 8

Real size

Question 9

How do you prepare a slide

Answer 9

1) add a drop off water to a clean slide
2) cut up an onion and separate out its layers
3) using tweezers place the epidermal tissue into the water on the slides
4) add a drop iodine solution to stain it
5) finally place a cover tip on top

Question 10

Cell differentiation is

Answer 10

The process of the cells changing into specialised cells

Question 11

Nerve cells are

Answer 11

Cells specialised ro carry electrical impulses around the body of an animal.

Question 12

Muscles cells can

Answer 12

Contract or relax to move the bones of the skeleton

Question 13

Sperm cells have

Answer 13

• A long tail to help the sperm move
• The middle section is full of mitochondria which gives energy for the tail
• the tip called the acrosome is contains enzymes that breaks down the outer layer of the egg
• a large nucleus contains the genetic information

Question 14

Root hair cell

Answer 14

• They have a large surface area
• they have large permanent vacuole that speeds up the movement of water
• have the mitochondria that transfer the energy needed for active transport.

Question 15

Photosynthetic cells

Answer 15

-they contains chloroplasts containing chlorphyll which traps light to get its energy

Question 16

Where are xylem cell found

Answer 16

In plants

Question 17

Xylem cells

Answer 17

-transport tissue which carries water and mineral

Question 18

Diffusion

Answer 18

-diffusion is the spreading of particle or any substance in a solution. This happens when it goes from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 19

What is an adaption of cells to increase diffusion

Answer 19

Increased surface area

Question 20

Rates of diffusion

Answer 20

If there is a a big difference in concentration between two areas it will happen quickly

Question 21

Diffusion in Humans examples

Answer 21

Kidney and gas exhange

Question 22

What is Osmosis

Answer 22

A process in which molecules pass through a partially permeable membrane to go from high to low concentration.

Question 23

How osmosis differs from diffusion

Answer 23

• a dilute solution of sugar contains high concentration of water but low concentration of sugar
• a concentration sugar solution contains relatively low concentration of water by high concentration of sugar

Question 24

What is the cytoplasm made of

Answer 24

The cytoplasm is made up of chemical dissolved in water inside a partially permeable membrane

Question 25

What does the cytoplasm contain

Answer 25

The cytoplasm contains fairly concentrated solution of salt and sugars.

Question 26

How does water move in osmosis

Answer 26

Water moves from a dilute solution (with high con of water low con of sugar) to a concentered solutions (with fewer water molecules and more sugar molecules)

Question 27

Isotonic means

Answer 27

The concentration outside the same is the concentration inside the cell

Question 28

Hypertonic means

Answer 28

This is when concentration outside is higher than the concentration inside the cell. This cause it to shrivel

Question 29

Hypotonic means

Answer 29

This when concentration outside the cell is lower than the concentration inside the cell. This causes the cell to burst

Question 30

How is osmosis used in cells

Answer 30

If a cell uses up water the cytoplasm will become more concentrated. The surrounding fluid becomes hypotonic to the cell and more water moves in.

Question 31

Why do plants rely on osmosis

Answer 31

To support their stems and leaves.

Question 32

How does osmosis support stems and leaves

Answer 32

The stem and leaves become hard and rigid when the cell become hard and rigid due to turgor pressure,where no more water can enter the cell.