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Biology > B2 > Flashcards

B2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the nucleus contain

A

Chromosomes

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2
Q

What do the chromosomes contain

A

Genes that cointain instuction to for making new cell which in turn makes tissue and organ.

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3
Q

Where is the gene found

A

In DNA

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4
Q

What are your characteristics a result of

A

Of many genes instead of just one gene.

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5
Q

A chromosome carries how many genes

A

Several hundred or even thousands

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6
Q

How many chromosomes do we have in a nucleus and how are they arranged.

A

We have 46 chromosomes and they are arranged in pairs so we have 23 pairs.

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7
Q

How are chromosomes inherited

A

In each pair of chromosomes one is inherited from your mother and one is inherited from your father

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8
Q

Sex cells are called what

A

Gametes

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9
Q

How many chromosomes do we have in a sex cell

A

23 in a total

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10
Q

What is the name of a series in which the body cell divide.

A

Cell cycle

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11
Q

What process does the cell cycle involve.

A

Mitosis

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12
Q

What does the cell cycle/mitosis result in

A

Two identical (daughter) cell.

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13
Q

What does it mean by the fact there is Two identical (daughter) cell

A

They have identical chromosomes and so the same genetic information.

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14
Q

What does cell division by mitosis needed for

A

Growth and development in multicellular organism or worn replacement of worn or damaged cell.

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15
Q

What happens in asexual reproduction.

A

The cells off the offspring are produced by mitosis from the cell of their parents. This why they are identical have no or little genetic variation

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16
Q

Is the cell cycles length varied

A

Yes it can be as short as 24 hours or as long as severely years

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17
Q

Where is cell cycle the fastest

A

As the baby is developing in the womb

18
Q

When does the cell cycle slow down

A

After puberty is fished

19
Q

Where does the cell cycle stay fast

A

In the hair follicles,the skin,the blood and the lining of the digestive system.

20
Q

Stage 1 of the cell cycle

A
  • This is is longest stage in the cell cycle.
  • cells grow bigger and increase their mass
  • they carry out their normal activities
  • the form two copies of each chromosomes
  • they also increase the number of sub-cellular structure( mitochondrial,ribosomes,and chloroplasts)
21
Q

Stage 2 of the cell cycle

A

This is mitosis, each set of chromosomes are pulled toward each end of the dividing cel and the nucleus divides

22
Q

Stage 3 of the cell cycle

A

In this stage the cytoplasm of the cell membrane divide to form form two identical daughter cell

23
Q

What is mitotic cell division

A

This is cell division that is rapid and happens all the time like in skin

24
Q

What is is it called when cells change into a different cell

A

Differenetiate

25
Q

In early development plant and animal cells are unspecialised what is common name for them.

A

Stem cells

26
Q

What can stem cell do.

A

Become any cell that is needed

27
Q

When does most cells become specilised

A

Very early in life,by the time a baby is born most of its cells are specilised.

28
Q

How are specialised cells specialised

A

as genes turn on and some genes turn off

29
Q

How do specilised cells divide

A

Mitosis

30
Q

Specialised cells can form only the…

A

The same type of cells

31
Q

What differentiate cells cannot divide at all and what do they do too produce more cells

A

Blood cell and skin cells they use adult stem cells to produce more cells

32
Q

What is special about plants cells

A

They are able differentiate all through their lives

33
Q

Plant cells can…

A

Redifferentiate it can turn from one type of cell to another

34
Q

Undifferentiate cells are formed where

A

At the meristems

35
Q

What is a clone

A

Producing a identical offsping

36
Q

Why is it difficult to clone animal

A

As cloning requires undifferentiated cell and animals cells become differentiated early in life’s

37
Q

What do eggs cell and sperm cells combine too form

A

A zygote

38
Q

Why do spinal injuries paryles

A

As nerve cells cannot be regenerated

39
Q

Uses of stem cell

A

Can treat spinal injuries and other stuff as they can be any cell that is needed.

40
Q

Stem cells in plants

A

Cloning plants quickly and economically, we can clone rare plants. we can also use this to research things on identical days

41
Q

Why do people find stem cell unethical

A

As the come from embryos which are potential humans

42
Q

What are the other issues with stem cells

A

It is slow difficult and expensive and we don’t know exactly it works.

Biology (9 decks)

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