B2.6 Respiration Flashcards
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration without oxygen.
Define Respiration.
The process of transferring energy from molecules into cells.
What is aerobic respiration?
Respiration with Oxygen.
What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Aerobic uses oxygen while anaerobic does not.
What are chemical reactions in cells controlled by?
Enzymes b
What is the word equation for Aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water
What are the reactants in aerobic respiration?
Glucose and oxygen.
What are the reactants in aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide
Water
Energy
Where do most respiration reactions happen in the cell?
Mitochondria.
How is the inner membrane adapted to increase respiration?
The inner membrane is folded to increase the surface area for the enzymes in respiration to work on.
How does exercise increase respiration?
Muscles contract to make us move and this needs energy. The energy is made by respiration.
Name some changes to the body in exercise that accommodate more respiration.
Rate and depth of breathing increases.
Heart rate increases.
How does an increase in the rate and depth of breathing help respiration?
It increases the amount and rate of gaseous exchange in the lungs.
This means that more oxygen is taken into the blood and more carbon dioxide is taken out of it.
How does an increase in heart rate help in excercise?
It increases blood flow to the muscles and therefore entry of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.
What is glycogen?
Glucose stores in the muscles.
What happens to glycogen during exercise?
It is broken down so it can be used as extra glucose.
When is anaerobic respiration used?
When there isn’t enough oxygen to obtain energy.
What is different about the breakdown of glucose in anaerobic respiration?
The breakdown is incomplete.
What is the energy output of anaerobic respiration compared to aerobic?
It is much less because the breakdown of glucose is incomplete.
What are the products of anaerobic respiration?
A small amount of energy and lactic acid.
What acid is produced in anaerobic respiration?
Lactic acid.
What effect does lactic acid have?
It is poisonous and if it builds it can cause muscle fatigue.
How is lactic acid removed?
By blood flowing through the muscle.
How is lactic acid chemically removed?
It reacts with oxygen.
What are the products of the oxidisation of lactic acid?
Carbon dioxide
Water.
How does the body react so that it can remove lactic acid?
By breathing heavily.
How does heavy breathing oxidise lactic acid?
You take in more oxygen which is pumped into the muscles to oxidise the lactic acid.
What is the extra oxygen needed to oxidise lactic acid called?
Oxygen debt v
