B1.5 Immunity And Immunisation Flashcards
1
Q
Examples of bodies barriers to stop pathogens entering…
A
Blood clotting Skin Tears Mucus in the airways Stomach acid
2
Q
What happens in white blood cells?
A
Phagocytes engulf (ingest) the pathogens
Lymphocytes produce antibodies or antitoxins
3
Q
Explain antibodies
A
Each type of antibody can destory a particular type of bacterium/ virus
- each pathogen, particular antigen, with specific shale on surface
- each antibody, particular shape, lock onto a pathogen
- immune system, makes right antibodies
- pathogen coved by antibody, wbc can ingest + kill pathogen
4
Q
Once you have recovered from an infection, what happens?
A
You have immunity
If pathogen enters again, body makes antibodies, destroys pathogen
5
Q
What is immunisation?
A
Can make people immune to a disease without them having the disease?
6
Q
How does immunisation work?
A
- small amount of dead/ inactivated pathogen (has antigen on surface) is injected into the body
- wbc recoginse, respond by making antibodies
- later, if live pathogen enters, wbc quickly makes right antobodies
- destroy patnogens before you become ill
7
Q
Mutations affecting vaccines?
A
- some viruses mutate often - different structure
- immune system does not recognise virus- make you ill
- new vaccines every year
8
Q
What is active immunity?
A
Can become immune after having an infection, or after having a vaccination
9
Q
What is passive immunity?
A
Injected with antibodies. However, does not last long
