B1.1.1 - Plant and Animal cells Flashcards
What are the cells main types of cells?
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells
What are the properties of Eukaryotic cells?
They contain genetic material in a nucleus. They are complex and relatively large, with sizes between 10 and 100 micrometres
What are the properties of prokaryotic cells?
They do not contain a nucleus. Their genetic material floats in the cytoplasm. Most of them have a size from 1 to 10 micrometres
What are some examples of eukaryotic cells?
Animal and plant cells
What are some examples of prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria cells
What is the nucleus and what does it do?
It controls the activities of the cell. It contains the organism’s genetic material, arranged as chromosomes. This determines the cell’s function. The nucleus also contains instructions to make new cells or new organisms
What is cell membrane and what does it do?
It is a selective barrier that controls which substances pass into and out of the cell. The membrane also contains receptor molecules
What is mitochondria and what does it do?
It is where respiration happens. Special protein molecules, called enzymes, enable glucose and oxygen to react together. The reactions transfer vital energy to the organism
What is the cytoplasm and what does it do?
It is a ‘jellylike’ substance. The chemical reactions that keep the cell alive happen here.
What is the chloroplast and what does it do?
It contains green chlorophyll. It transfer energy from the sun to the plant as light, which is used in photosynthesis. Chloroplast are only in green parts of the plant
What is the cell wall and what does it do?
It is a wall that surrounds the cell. It is made of a tough fibre called cellulose. It makes the wall rigid and supports the cell.
What is the vacuole and what does it do?
This is full of cell sap, a watery solution of sugar and salts. It helps to keep the cell rigid so supporting the plant and keeping it upright.
