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T-Level Health Yr 1 > B1- Core Science Concepts (Physics) > Flashcards

B1- Core Science Concepts (Physics) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation to calculate Charge?

A

Q=IT
Charge = Current X Time
(Q-coulombs - C) (I - Current - A) (T - Seconds - s)

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2
Q

What is the equation relating to Ohms Law?

A

V=IR
voltage=current x resistance
(V - Voltage- Volts )(I - Current- Amps) (R-Resistance - Ohms Ω)

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3
Q

How do you calculate total resistance in a series and parallel circuit?

A

series: sum of the individual resistors
parallel: 1/Rt=1/R1+1/R2

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4
Q

What is the difference between alternating and direct current?

A

Direct: the direction of the current of the voltage is always constant

Alternating: the direction of the current is always switched periodically, and the voltage is also switched

constantly changes direction

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5
Q

Properties of mains electricity in the UK

A
  • AC
  • PD ensures electricity is supplied to residences and businesses at 230V
  • Generated at a frequency of 50Hz
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6
Q

Where is the magnetic force the strongest on a magnet?

A
  • N/S magnetic poles are where the magnetic forces are strongest
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7
Q

Give an example of a non-contact force

A
  • Attraction/repulsion of magnets in close proximity - attraction and repulsion between magnetic poles are examples of non-contact forces
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8
Q

The difference between permanent and induced magnets

A

Permanent magnet produces its own magnetic field.

Induced magnet is a material that becomes a magnet when it is placed in a magnetic field.

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9
Q

Uses of permanent and temporary magnetic materials (e.g. Iron, steel, cobalt, nickel)

A

p: Horseshoe and bar magnets
MRI

t: paperclips, temporary electromagnets, phones, speakers

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10
Q

What is the shape and direction of a magnetic field around bar magnets?

The relationship between the strength of the field and concentration of lines?

A

closed lines with arrowhead going from N to S

magnetic field is stronger at the poles and where the field lines are concentrated

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11
Q

How a magnetic field is produced by the flow of current through conducting wire

what is the relationship between the strength of the field, size of current and distance to the wire?

A

When a current flows in a wire, it creates a circular magnetic field around the wire.

strength of field - bigger/closer with magnetic field
size of current - bigger field
distance to wire - the closer, the stronger the wire

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12
Q

Portative vs Tractive

A

A portative electromagnet is one designed to hold the material in place.

A tractive electromagnet applies a force and moves something.

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13
Q

Principles of electromagnetic induction

A

Is where a conductor is put in a particular position and magnetic field keeps varying or magnetic field is stationary and a conductor is moving - producing voltage

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14
Q

Principles of the motor effect

A

motor effect is when a current carrying wire’s magnetic field interacts with the magnetic field around it, resulting in a force being exerted on it, causing it to move.

current flow in a conductor kept in an external magnetic field causes a deflecting force on the electrons in the conductor, which in turn causes the deflection of the conductor itself.

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15
Q

Application of electromagnets in electric and electromechanical devices

A
  • Transformers
  • Induction heating
  • MRI machines
  • Electric bells and buzzers
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16
Q

Definition of a wave

A

Transfer of energy, not matter

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17
Q

Equation for wave speed

A 
v=fλ 
Wave speed(m/s) = frequency(Hz) x wavelength(m)
18
Q

Properties of Transverse waves

A
  • Oscillations perpendicular to the direction of travel
  • Can travel through a vacuum
  • Peaks and troughs
  • Visible, radio, x-rays, and microwaves
19
Q

Properties of Longitudinal waves

A
  • Oscillations are parallel
  • Cannot travel through a vacuum
  • Compression and rarefactions
  • Sound waves and earthquakes
20
Q

Uses of different waves

A
  • Communication (for example radio waves)
  • Medical uses (for example X-rays, gamma rays for cancer treatment and sterilisation, ultrasound in scanning and cleaning computer equipment)
  • Food processing (for example infrared heating and microwave heating)
21
Q

Types and properties of ionising radiation

A

Alpha:

  • high ionising but low penetrating power
  • Range is 1 to 2 centimetres of air

Beta:

  • medium ionising and penetrating power
  • Range is approximately 15 centimetres of air

Gamma:

  • Low ionising and high penetrating power
  • Range is many kilometres of air
22
Q

Define half life

A

The time taken for half the unstable nuclei in a sample to decay

23
Q

Define count rate

A

The number of decays recorded each second

24
Q

The main types of radioactive decay in relation to unstable nuclei

A
  • An alpha particle - consists of 2 neutrons and 2 protons and is equivalent to a helium nucleus
  • Beta particle - a high speed electron ejected from the nucleus as a neutron turns into a proton
  • Gamma ray - electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus
25
Q

How does radiation interact with matter?

A
  • Ionisation - by causing electrons to break apart from atoms or molecules
  • Excitation - by transferring energy to atoms or molecules
26
Q

The applications of radioactivity within the health and science sector

A
  • Radioactive tracers
  • Medical diagnostic applications
  • Food preservation
  • Dating deceased organisms
27
Q

What does the uni of Candela (cd) present?

A

Luminous intensity

28
Q

How to calculate total current?

A

It=vt/rt

29
Q

Equation for recording current through a bulb

A

It=vt/rt

30
Q

Equation for recording current through a resistor

A

Ir=vt/r2

31
Q

Equation for time period

A

what the devision represents e.g. 5m/s multiplied by the number of divisions i.e. how many squares across which is how many squares along it took for one wave which gives you time period

32
Q

Equation for frequency

A

1/time period

33
Q

What do each of the coloured wires mean in a plug?

A

Blue - neutral wire connected to the neutral terminal

Green and yellow - Earth wire connected to the neural terminal

Brown - live wire - connected to the live terminal

34
Q

what is an electromagnet

A

solenoid with an iron core

35
Q

Equation for force

A

F=BIL

Force=Magnetic field strength (Tesla) x current (I/A) x length (m)

36
Q

General equation for alpha decay

A

4
a
2

37
Q

General equation for beta decay

A

when you ‘re working it out
0
e
z+1

then general equation
0
e
-1

38
Q

rate of diffusion

A

rate of diffusion is proportional to= surface area x difference in concentration/length of diffusion path (membrane thickness)

39
Q

Equation for mass

A

M=0.5^nMo

40
Q

Equation for activity

A

0.5^Ao=A

T-Level Health Yr 1 (17 decks)

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