B-6 Positive and Negative Punishment Contingencies

Question 1

Punisher

Answer 1

A stimulus that occurs following a behavior that decreases the frequency of that behavior

Question 2

Punishment

Answer 2

An environmental change that follows a response which decreases the future frequency of that behavior.

Question 3

Positive Punishment

Answer 3

An environmental change in which a stimulus is added which decreases the future frequency of a behavior.

Question 4

Negative Punishment

Answer 4

An environmental change in which a stimulus is subtracted which decreases the future frequency of that behavior.

Question 5

Recovery from Punishment

Answer 5

If the punisher is withheld, the rate of undesired behavior will increase

Question 6

Reprimand

Answer 6

Making disapproval contingent on a behavior targeted for reduction

Usually in the form of verbal comments or gestures/expressions

Question 7

Response Cost

Answer 7

Removing a reinforcer contingent on the target behavior when a reduction in the frequency of that behavior is sought

Ex: Removing end of day free play time when child forgets to do and turn in the homework

Question 8

Time Out

Answer 8

Removal of Behaver from a reinforcing situation contingent on the behavior targeted for the reduction

Ex: Targeting stimming during circle time and listening to stories

Listening to stories —> Reinforcement for child
Therefore, if child stims —> Stop reading the book

Question 9

Over Correction

Answer 9

2 types of over-correction

1. Positive Practice
   Repeating appropriate behavior in a situation where target behavior occurred.
   Ex: Repeatedly removing gum from their mouth, wrapping it in paper, and placing it into the trash
2. Restitution
   Fixing the problem caused by target behavior and the doing additional restitutional tasks
   Ex: A person who upsets a chair while sitting down. Restitutional over-correction would be to have s/he straighten all the chairs in the classroom.

Question 9

Over Correction

Answer 9

2 types of over-correction

1. Positive Practice
   Repeating appropriate behavior in a situation where target behavior occurred.
   Ex: Repeatedly removing gum from their mouth, wrapping it in paper, and placing it into the trash
2. Restitution
   Fixing the problem caused by target behavior and the doing additional restitutional tasks
   Ex: A person who upsets a chair while sitting down. Restitutional over-correction would be to have s/he straighten all the chairs in the classroom.

Question 10

Physical Punishment

Answer 10

To reduce the frequency of a target behavior by making brief and non-injurious contact with skin contingent on target behavior

Ex: Spanking, hot sauce, water mist etc.

Question 11

Types of Punishment

Answer 11

1. Reprimand
2. Response Cost
3. Time Out
4. Over-correction: Positive Practice
   Restitution
5. Physical Punishment