B-3 Respondent and Operant Conditioning

Question 1

Respondent/Classical Conditioning

Answer 1

Ivan Pavlov

Any procedure when a previously neutral stimulus elicits a response due to being paired with an event that naturally triggers that response.

Stimulus (Bell) elicits response due to being paired with an event (meat powder) that naturally trigger a response (salivating)

Question 2

Elicit

Answer 2

Draw out a reaction or response

Question 3

Reflex (Respondent Behavior)

Answer 3

A relation between a specific stimulus and an involuntary response (unlearned)

Question 4

Activation Reflex

Answer 4

Onset of stimulus that is painful, intense or unusual

Ex: Increased heart rate, adrenaline secretion, pupil dilation

“Oh Shit” response

Question 5

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Answer 5

A stimulus change that elicits respondent behavior without any prior learning

Ex: Food is Unconditioned Stimulus for salivating

Question 6

Unconditioned Response (UR)

Answer 6

A response that is elicited by a unconditioned stimulus without prior learning

Ex: Blinking is the unconditioned response for a puff of air in the eye.

Question 7

Counter Conditioning

Answer 7

Using Pavlovian procedures (pairing) to undo effects of earlier training

2 types: Desensitization and Sensitization Training

Question 8

Desensitization

Answer 8

Counter Conditioning procedures that reduce negative response to an event (conditioned reflex responses)

Ex: Phobias

Question 9

Flooding

Answer 9

Exposes the client to the aversive or fearful situation repeatedly at increasing levels

Does not pair aversive with non-aversive stimulus

Building tolerance

Question 10

Sensitization training

Answer 10

Counter-conditioning procedures that reduce positive, inappropriate responses to an event (Conditioned reflex responses)

Used mostly with addictions

Most common via Aversion Therapy

Question 11

Aversion Therapy

Answer 11

The conditioned stimulus that typically produces inappropriate positive response (CR) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits negative unconditioned response

Ex: Antabuse (Disulfiram) is a medication prescribed to alcoholics. When it’s taken and then alcohol is ingested, it results in vomiting.

Question 12

Reflex Habituation

Answer 12

Reduction in the strength of a reflex response due to repeated exposure to the stimulus that elicits that response

Ex: Loud, sudden sounds results in activation syndrome
After loud sounds repeats, activation response weakens over time.

Question 13

Reflex Sensitization

Answer 13

A tendency for a stimulus to elicit a reflex response following that response being elicited due to another stimulus.

Ex: Lightening strikes nearby-activation syndrome elicited
Phone rings 30secs later, elicits activation syndrome when it usually doesn’t

Question 14

Operant/Instrumental Conditioning

Answer 14

B.F.Skinner

Altering the frequency of a behavior through adjusting the consequence that follows

Question 15

Operant Behavior Contingency

Answer 15

3 part contingency: Antecedent, Behavior and Consequence

4 part: Motivating Operations, Antecedent, Behavior and Consequence

Question 16

Operant behavior

Answer 16

Behavior that is selected, maintained and brought under stimulus control as a function of it’s consequence

Behavior whose future frequency is determined based on the consequences that follow it.

Question 17

Evoke

Answer 17

The production of a response.

Operant behaviors are evoked

A response is sometimes said to be evoked if it is unclear whether it is emitted or elicited

Question 18

Ontogeny

Answer 18

Consequences we encounter during our lifetime

Our learning history

Question 19

Phylogeny

Answer 19

Evolution and adaptation of our species/ biology

Question 20

Who is Ivan Pavlov?

Answer 20

Physiologist

Born- Russia

Medical researcher

Interested in circulation and digestion

Won Nobel Prize

First to introduce Quantitative Measurement to Psychology

Introduced Classical/Respondent/Pavlovian Conditioning