B-3 Respondent and Operant Conditioning Flashcards
Respondent/Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Any procedure when a previously neutral stimulus elicits a response due to being paired with an event that naturally triggers that response.
Stimulus (Bell) elicits response due to being paired with an event (meat powder) that naturally trigger a response (salivating)
Elicit
Draw out a reaction or response
Reflex (Respondent Behavior)
A relation between a specific stimulus and an involuntary response (unlearned)
Activation Reflex
Onset of stimulus that is painful, intense or unusual
Ex: Increased heart rate, adrenaline secretion, pupil dilation
“Oh Shit” response
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
A stimulus change that elicits respondent behavior without any prior learning
Ex: Food is Unconditioned Stimulus for salivating
Unconditioned Response (UR)
A response that is elicited by a unconditioned stimulus without prior learning
Ex: Blinking is the unconditioned response for a puff of air in the eye.
Counter Conditioning
Using Pavlovian procedures (pairing) to undo effects of earlier training
2 types: Desensitization and Sensitization Training
Desensitization
Counter Conditioning procedures that reduce negative response to an event (conditioned reflex responses)
Ex: Phobias
Flooding
Exposes the client to the aversive or fearful situation repeatedly at increasing levels
Does not pair aversive with non-aversive stimulus
Building tolerance
Sensitization training
Counter-conditioning procedures that reduce positive, inappropriate responses to an event (Conditioned reflex responses)
Used mostly with addictions
Most common via Aversion Therapy
Aversion Therapy
The conditioned stimulus that typically produces inappropriate positive response (CR) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits negative unconditioned response
Ex: Antabuse (Disulfiram) is a medication prescribed to alcoholics. When it’s taken and then alcohol is ingested, it results in vomiting.
Reflex Habituation
Reduction in the strength of a reflex response due to repeated exposure to the stimulus that elicits that response
Ex: Loud, sudden sounds results in activation syndrome
After loud sounds repeats, activation response weakens over time.
Reflex Sensitization
A tendency for a stimulus to elicit a reflex response following that response being elicited due to another stimulus.
Ex: Lightening strikes nearby-activation syndrome elicited
Phone rings 30secs later, elicits activation syndrome when it usually doesn’t
Operant/Instrumental Conditioning
B.F.Skinner
Altering the frequency of a behavior through adjusting the consequence that follows
Operant Behavior Contingency
3 part contingency: Antecedent, Behavior and Consequence
4 part: Motivating Operations, Antecedent, Behavior and Consequence
Operant behavior
Behavior that is selected, maintained and brought under stimulus control as a function of it’s consequence
Behavior whose future frequency is determined based on the consequences that follow it.
Evoke
The production of a response.
Operant behaviors are evoked
A response is sometimes said to be evoked if it is unclear whether it is emitted or elicited
Ontogeny
Consequences we encounter during our lifetime
Our learning history
Phylogeny
Evolution and adaptation of our species/ biology
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
Physiologist
Born- Russia
Medical researcher
Interested in circulation and digestion
Won Nobel Prize
First to introduce Quantitative Measurement to Psychology
Introduced Classical/Respondent/Pavlovian Conditioning
