B:5 Homeostasis and Response Paper 2 Flashcards
Write a Definition of Homeostasis?
- Homeostasis is the regulation of conditions inside your body and cells in order to maintain a stable internal environment.
What Does Homeostasis maintain and name the 3 things they are in control of?
- Homeostasis Maintains optimal conditions for enzymes action and all cell functions.
- These Include Body Temperature, water levels and blood glucose concertation.
Name the 3 Parts of The Control system In order?
- 1) Receptors.
- 2) Coordination centres.
- 3) Effectors.
Write a Definition of stimuli?
- stimuli Means a change in the Environment.
What Do Receptors do and Then what does it do after (CS Order 1)?
- The Receptors Detects a Stimulus.
- And it sends information to the Coordination centre.
Name 3 Organs the coordination centre is in charge of?
- 1) Brain
- 2) Spinal Cord
- 3) Pancrease
What Does the coordination centre do and Then what does it do after (CS Order 2)?
- The Coordination Centre receives and Processes the Information.
- It Then organises a response to the effectors.
What Do Effectors do and Then what does it do after (CS Order 3)?
- The Effectors Produce a Response.
- This Returns the level to its optimum Level.
Name 2 Organs control by effectors?
- Muscles or galnds
What Does the Nervous System do and name the 5 Parts of the Nervous system?
- The Nervous System enables humans to react to their surroundings and to coordinate to their behaviour.
- 1) Central Nervous System (CNS).
- 2) Sensory Neurones.
- 3) Motor Neurones.
- 4) Receptors.
- 5) Effectors.
How is Information from receptors passed to CNS and What does CNS Do?
- Information from Receptors passes along cells as electrical impulses to CNS.
- CNS coordinates the response of effectors which may be muscle contracting or glands secreting hormones.
What Do Sensory Neurones Do?
- Sensory Neurons Carry information as electrical impulses from the Receptors to CNS.
What Do Motor Neurons Do?
- Motor Neurons Carry electrical Impulses from CNS To Effectors.
What do Effector do Give 2 Example of a Effector And What do the Examples do?
- Effectors respond to electrical impulses and bring about a change.
- For Example: Muscles and Glands are Effectors.
- Muscles Contract and Gland Release Hormones.
Name the Order of Information being sent around the body?
- Stimulus - receptor - coordinator - effector - response
Write a Definition of A Gland?
- A Gland is an organ that produces and secretes hormones.
Write a Definition of the Reflex arc and Name 4 Parts it includes?
- A Reflex arc is the neural pathway that controls an automatic, rapid response to a stimulus.
- This Includes the sensory neurone, synapse, Relay neurone and motor neurone.
Write Down the Function of a Sensory neurone and a Motor Neurone ?
- The Sensory Neurone carries information as electrical impulses from the receptors to the CNS.
- The Motor Neurone Carry electrical information from CNS To effectors.
Write a Definition of Synapse and Write a Definition of a relay neurone?
- Synapse is a connection between 2 Neurones.
- Relay Neurones are neurones that connect
How is Synapse Passed on and What do the chemicals do Next?
- The Electrical Impulses is Passed from 1 Neurons to the next by chemicals.
- These chemicals move across the gap and the chemicals set off a new electrical impulse in the next neurons.
Write a Definition of Reflex Reactions and Why are they important?
- Reflex reactions are automatic and fast responses - so you don’t have to think about it.
- They are important because they prevent injuries
How do Neurons Get to the Brain?
- The Neurons in the reflex arc go through the spinal cord .
- or through the unconscious part of the brain.
Write a Definition of Reaction Time and how fast is it and what is it measured in?
- Reaction Time is the time it takes t respond to a Stimulus.
- It’s Often less than a second and its measured in Milliseconds (ms)
Name 3 Factors that Affect Reaction Time?
- 1) Age
- 2) Gender
- 3) Drugs
In 6 Steps Investigate Reaction Time (PRACTICAL)?
- 1) The Person Begin Tested should sit with their arm resting on the edge of the table.
- 2) hold a ruler between their thumb and forefinger and Make sure the 0 end of the ruler is level with their thumb and finger.
- 3) Then let it go without giving any warning and the person should catch the ruler as quickly as they can.
- 4) Reaction time is Measured by the number on the ruler where it’s caught The Number should be Read from the Top of The Person Thumb.
- 5) Repeat the Test Several Times then Calculate the Mean Distance that the ruler fell.
- 6) Then give the person being tested a caffeinated drink and after 10 minutes repeat step 1 to 6.
Write a Definition of Hormones and Where they are Released?
- Hormones are Chemicals Released By Glands.
- They are Released directly into the Bloodstream.
What are Glands Called and What System do They Make Up?
- These Glands are Cells Endocrine Glands.
- And They make up the Endocrine System.
Write a Definition of Target Organs and what happens in the target organ?
- Target Organs are Particular Cells in Particular Organs.
- The blood carries the hormone to a target organ where is produces a effect.
Name The 6 Glands In The Endocrine System?
- 1) The Pituitary Gland.
- 2) Thyroid.
- 3) Adrenal Gland.
- 4) Pancreases.
- 5) Ovaries.
- 6) Testes.
What is The Pituitary Gland Sometimes Called and why is it called that?
- The Master Gland
- Its called the master gland because It secretes serval hormones into the blood in response to body conditions.
What Does Thyroid Produce and name 3 Things That It Regulates?
- Thyroid Produces Thyroxine.
- 1) Rate of Metabolism
- 2) Heart Rate
- 3) Temperature
What Does The Adrenal Gland Produce and What is it used for?
- The Adrenal Gland Produces Adrenaline.
- Adrenaline is Used to Prepare the Body for a Fight or Flight Response
What Does the Pancreas Produce and what is it used for?
- The Pancreas Produces Insulin.
- Insulin Is Used to Regulate The Blood Glucose Level.
What Do Ovaries Produce and What Cycle is It Involved In?
- Ovaries Produce Oestrogen.
- Oestrogen is Involved in the Menstrual Cycle.
What Do Testes Produces What Can they Control?
- Tests Produce Testosterone.
- This Control Puberty and Sperm Production for Males.
Name a Characteristics of Nerves and Name a Characteristics of Hormones?
- Nerves are Very Fast Action.
- Hormones are slower action.
What Removes glucose from the blood and what happens to Glucose Levels when you exercise?
- Glucose is removed from the blood by cells.
-When you exercise a lot more glucose is removed from blood.
What Happens in the Liver and Muscle Cells and What Thing do you eat to put glucose into blood?
- In liver and muscle cells excess glucose is converted as glycogen for storage.
- Eating carbs puts glucose into the blood.
What can glucose be stored as and what happens If the blood concertation gets too high?
- Glucose can be stored as glycogen.
- If blood Concentration gets too high the pancreas releases the hormone insulin.
What Does Insulin Do to Glucose and What does it remove?
- Insulin Causes Glucose to move into cells.
- This Removes Glucose from the blood.
Write a Definition of Diabetes and name the 2 Types of Diabetes?
- Diabetes is a Condition that affects the Body’s Ability to control its blood glucose level.
- 1) Type 1 Diabetes.
- 2) Type 2 Diabetes.
Write a Definition of type 1 Diabetes and what does this Mean?
- Type 1 Diabetes is where the pancreas produces little or no insulin.
- This Means a Person blood glucose level can rise to a level that can kill them.
Name the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes and how does it help?
- People with Type 1 Diabetes need Injections of Insulin throughout the day.
- This Help Because it makes Sure that glucose is removed from the blood quickly after the food is digested.
Write a Definition of Type 2 Diabetes And what can it cause?
- Type 2 Diabetes is when the body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas.
- It can cause a person blood sugar level to rise to a dangerous level.
Name the 2 main primary factors that cause Type 2 Diabetes?
- 1) Being old.
- 2) Being overweight.
Name 2 Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes?
- 1) Regular Exercise.
- 2) Eating a carbohydrate-Controlled Diet.
What do These Sex Hormones Do And give 2 examples for males and 2 Example for Females?
- Sex Hormones trigger secondary sexual Characteristics.
- For Example (Males): Develop facial hair and Voice becomes Deeper.
- For Example (Females): Eggs start to develop and Brest also start to develop.
Name the Main reproductive hormones in men and women and How is it produced?
- In Men it is Testosterone - Its produced by the testes.
- In women it is oestrogen - Its produced by the ovaries.
Write a Definition of The Menstrual Cycle?
- The Menstrual Cycle is a Monthly Sequence of Events during which the body Prepares the Lining of the Uterus in case it receives a fertilized egg and Resles an Egg from an Ovary.
How Many stages are in the menstrual cycle and When is an egg realised?
- The menstrual cycle lasts 4 Stages.
- An egg is released every 28 days
What Happens In the Stage 1 and How long does This Stages last?
- On Day 1 Bleeding starts Happening and The Uterus Lining starts breaking down for about 4 days.
- Stage 1 Lasts from Day 1 to Day 4.
What Happens In Stage 2 and How long does it last?
- The Uterus lining build up From day 4 to Day 14 and
It Build up into a Thick Spongy Layer of Blood vessels and its ready to receive a fertilized egg. - Stage 2 Lasts From Day 4 to Day 14.
What Happens In Stage 3 and How long does it last?
- An Egg Develops and Is Released from the Ovary at Day 14.
- It Only Last on Day 14.
What is it called when a Egg is devolved?
- Ovulation
What Happens In Stage 4 and How Long Does it Last?
- The Wall is then Maintained for about 14 Days until day 28.
- If no Fertilised Egg has landed on the uterus wall by day 28 the lining breaks down and the cycle starts again.
- Stage 4 Last from Day 14 to Day 28.
Name The 4 Hormones that Control the Menstrual cycle?
- 1) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- 2) Luteinising Hormone (LH)
- 3) Oestrogen
- 4) Progesterone
What Does the Hormone (FSH) Do and What does the Hormone (LH)?
- FSH Causes an egg to mature in 1 of the ovaries.
- LH causes the release of 1 of the eggs.
What Does Oestrogen and Progesterone do?
- These hormones are involved in the growth and maintenance of the uterus lining.
Write a Definition of Contraceptive and Fertility and Also What’s it called when Hormones Are Involved?
- Contraceptive is a Method that Prevents Pregnancy.
- Fertility is The Ability to Conceive a Child.
Name 5 Hormone Methods to prevent pregnancy?
- 1) Oral Contraceptive pill
- 2) Contraceptive patch
- 3) Contraceptive injection
- 4) Contraceptive implant
- 5) Intrauterine device (IUD)
What Do Oral Contraceptives contain and What does it lead to?
- Oral Contraceptives contain Hormones to Inhabit FSH Production.
- This Leads to no eggs being maturated
Name 1 Pro and 1 Con of Oral Contractive?
- Pro: They are 99% Effective a preventing Pregnancy.
- Con: Bad Side Effects like Headaches.
What Do Injections ,implants and Skin patch Release?
- Injections, Implants and Skin patch slowly release progesterone to inhibit the maturation and release of eggs for a Number of months or years.
Where is contraceptive patch inserted and How Long does it last and Where is contraceptive implant inserted and How Long does it last
- The Concentrative Patch is a Small patch that is stuck to the skin and it only lasts 1 week.
-The Contraceptive Implant is inserted under the skin of the arm the implant can last 3 years.
What is an Intrauterine device and What Do Intrauterine device prevent?
- An Intrauterine Device is a T -Shaped device instead into the Womb.
- Intrauterine Devices prevent the implantation of an embryo or a realise of an hormone.
Name 5 Non-Hormone Methods to prevent Pregnancy?
- 1) Condom
- 2) Diaphragm
- 3) Sterilisation
- 4) Natural Methods
- 5) Abstinence
Write a Definition of Non-Hormonal and a Definition of Spermicide?
- Non- Hormonal are types of contraception that don’t use hormones.
- Spermicide is a chemical that disables or kills sperm.
Name 2 Examples of Barrier Methods and What do they prevent?
- Barrier methods such as condoms and diaphragm.
- Which prevent the sperm reaching the egg.
What Does Sterilisation Involve Cutting for males and Females and Name a Risk?
- In Females Sterilisation Involves Cutting or Tying the Fallopian tubes.
- In Males It involves cutting or tying the sperm ducts.
- 1 Risk is that Sterilisation is permanent for the rest of your life.
Write a Definition Of Fallopian Tubes and Sperm Ducts?
- Fallopian Tubes are Tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus.
- Sperm Ducks are Tubes between the Testes and Penis.
What is Abstinence?
- Abstinence is the only way to make sure that sperm and egg don’t have intercourse.
