B:1 Cell Biology Paper 1 Flashcards
Name The 5 Parts Of The Animal Cell?
- 1) Cytoplasm
- 2) Nucleus
- 3) Cell Membrane
- 4) Mitochondria
- 5) Ribosomes
What’s The Function of cytoplasm?
-Its a Jelly Like Substance Where Most Chemical Reactions Happen.
What’s The Function of Nucleus?
- It Controls The Activities Of The Cell.
What’s The Function of Cell Membrane?
- It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What’s The Functions Of Ribosomes?
- They Are Tiny Structures Where Protein Synthesis Happens.
What’s The Function of Mitochondria?
- mitochondria Are Organelles that contain the enzymes which is needed for Respiration.
Name The 7 Parts Of Plant Cells?
- 1) Cytoplasm
- 2) Cell Membrane
- 3) Nucleus
- 4) Mitochondria
- 5) Ribosomes
- 6) Chloroplasts
- 7) Vacuole
- 8) Cell Wall
What The Difference Between Plants and Animal Cells?
- The Plant Cell Has A Cell Wall,Vacuole,and Chloroplasts.
What Does The Cell Wall Do To The Plant?
- Its Made Of Cellulose and It Supports the cell and Strengthens It.
What Does The Vacuole Contain?
- Cell Sap.
What Happens In The Chloroplast?
- Photosynthesis Happens and Makes Food For The Plant.
Write a Definition of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic?
- Eurkatric Has a Nucleus.
- But Prokatric Doesn’t Have a Nucleus.
Give Example Of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic?
- Pro - Bactrian.
- Euk - Animal and Plants.
Which Microscope Has a Higher Resolution and Which Microscope Is Better?
- Electron Microscopes Have a Higher Resuition.
- Electron Microscope are better because you can view cells in detail.
Whats The Equation For Magnification?
Image Size (mm) ÷ Real Size (mm)
In 6 Steps How You Prepare a Slide
(PRACTICAL)?
- 1) Add a Drop of Water to a Middle of a Clean Slide.
- 2) Cut Up a Onion and Take off 1 Layer.
- 3) Use Tweezers To Peel Of Some Epidermal tissue from the bottom of the layer.
- 4) Using The Tweezers Place the skin into the water on the slide.
- 5) add a drop of iodine Solution The Iodine Solution is a Stain and It Can Make It Easier to see.
- 6) Place a Cover Slip On Top.
in 4 Steps How do you use the light microscope to look at the slides (PRACTICAL)?
- 1) Clip the Slide onto the Stage and Select The Objective Less With the Lowest Magnification.
- 2) Use The Coarse Adjustment Knob To Move the stage up to just below the Objective Lens.
- 3) Look Down the Eyepiece and move the stage downwards until the image is roughly in focus.
- 4) Move the fine Adjustment Knob Until you get a Clear Image.
What The Process Called When Cells Become Specialised?
- Differentiation
Name One way the Sperm Cell is Specialised to do its Job?
- The sperm Cell has a flagellum.
- The flagellum Allows the sperm cell to swim through the uterus and Fallopian tube to reach the egg.
Name One way the Nerve Cell is Specialised to do its Job?
- Nerve Cells Have axons.
- Axons allow the electrical impulses travel along and this increases the distance that the electrical impulses travel.
Name one Way Muscle Cells are Specialised to do their Job?
- Muscle Cells Have lots of mitochondria.
- Mitochondria helps generate lots of energy for motion.
Name one Way Root hair Cells are Specialised to do their Job?
- Root hair Cells have no chloroplast as they are located in the ground.
- This increases surface area for them to reach more water.
Name one way Xylem cells are Specialised to do their Job?
- Xylem Cells Contain a series of dead Xylem Cells.
- the end walls of the dead cells are brocken down This allows water to be moved through.
Name one way Phloem cells are Specialised to do their Job?
- Phloem Cells have Small pores.
- The small pores allow food products to move up and down the phloem vessels.
What Are Chromones and How Many Pairs are in a Human Cell
- They Are Coiled Up Lengths Of DNA Molecules.
- There are 23 Pairs.
What Happens Before The Cell Divides?
- 1) The cell grows and increases the amount of Subcellular Structures.
- 2) Then The DNA Is Replicated (Copied) So There is only 1 copy for each new Cell.
- 3) The DNA Forms X-Shaped Chromosomes Each Arm Has The Extract Copy Of The Other.
State 3 Steps Of How Mitosis Happens?
- 1) The Chromosomes Line up at the center of the cell.
- 2) The 2 Arms of Each chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite endo of the cell.
- 3) This Divides The Cell and Each Set of Chromes Become The Nucleus of a new cell.
Name 2 Key Features Of Stem Cells?
- 1) They Are Able To Divide By Mitosis To Form More Cells.
- 2) They Are Able to Differentiate Into Specialised Cells For Example Nerve Cells.
What Are Embryonic Cells and What Can They Do?
- Its A Group Of Embryo.
- They Can Differentiate Into any Type of Cell.
What Will Stem Cells Constantly Keep Doing?
They Will Differentiate Into Other Cells.
Write A Definition Of Diffusion?
- Diffusion Is The Spreading of Particles From a Area of Higher Concertation To a Area of Lower Concertation.
Name 2 Things That Can Increase The Speed Diffusion Happens?
- The Temperature
- The Bigger The Difference In Concertation.
How Do Massive Molecules Flow Into The Cell Membrane?
- They Have To Go Form a Higher Concertation To a Area Of Low Concertation.
The Larger The (_______________________) Of The Membrane The Faster the Diffusion Rate?
Surface Area
Write a Definition Of Osmosis?
- Osmosis Is The Movement Of Water Molecules across A Partially Permeable Membrane From a less concerted solution to a more concentrate solution.
In 4 Steps Of How Osmosis Works ?
- 1) Tiny Molecules Like Water can pass thought it but bigger molecules cant.
- 2) Water Molecules Can Pass Both Ways During Osmosis.
- 3) Overall The Water Molecules Move From The Less Concentrated solution to the more concentrated Solution.
- 4) This Means The Concerted Solution Is More Dilute.
Name the 9 Steps Of Osmosis (PRACTICAL)?
- 1) First Cut Up a Potato Into Cylinders With The Same Length and Width.
- 2) then get 2 Beakers - 1 With Pure Water and Another with Concentrated Sugar Solution (E.g 1 Mol).
- 3) You Can Also Have a Few other Beakers With Less Concentrated Sugar Solution (E.g 0.2,0.4).
- 4) Measure The Mass Of Each Potato Cylinder and put 1 in each beaker and leave it for 24 hours.
- 5) Then Take Them Out and Dry Them With a Paper Towel and Measure Their Masses Again.
- 6) If The Mass Has Increased Water Has Moved Into The Potato and If Its Decreases water has Moved Out Of The Potato.
- 7) You Can Calculate the Percentage Change and Compare the Effects.
Write a Definition Of Active Transport?
- Substances Being Absorbed from a Lower concentration to a Higher Concentration Against The Concentration Gradient.
Name 2 Facts About Root Hair Cells?
- 1) Plant Roots Are Covered in Millions Of Root Hair Cells And These Cells Then Stick Into The Soil.
- 2) The Hairs give the roots a larger surface Area for Absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil.
Name 3 Ways How Active Transport Stop Us Starving?
- 1) The Body Needs to Absorb Nutrients.The Nutrients Move from the Gut into the Blood.
- 2) When There Is a Higher Concertation of Nutrients In The Gut They Diffuse Into the Blood.
- 3) The Body Uses Active Transport to Move Nutrients From a Lower Concertation in the Gut To a Higher Concertation.
In 2 Steps How Do Cells Exchange Substances With Their Environment?
- 1) Cells Can Use Diffusion To Take In Substances From The Environment Such As Oxygen.
- 2) They Then Use Diffusion To Get Rid of Waste Products Like CO2 From Respiration.
How Do You Work Out Surface Area?
You Need To Find The Area Of a Single Faces x How Many Faces It Has
How Do You Calculate The Volume?
Length x Width x Height
What Is The Surface:Volume Mean And How Do You Calculate It?
- The Surface:Volume Is The Surface of a Object to the Volume of a Object.
- The Only Way to Calculate It Is By Finding The Volume and Surface Area And Putting It Into a Ratio
The (______________) The Organism The (__________) Its Surface area Compared To Its Volume.
Larger and Smaller
The (______________) Its Surface Area Compared to Its (_________) The Harder It Is For an Organism to (___________) With Its Environment.
Smaller,Volume,exchange Substances
Give 3 Ways That Exchange Surfaces can be adapted for Diffusion?
- 1) Large Surface Area
- 2) Thin Membranes
- 3) Concertation Gradient Maintenance
In 3 Steps How Does Gas Exchange Happen In The Lungs?
- 1) Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide are Exchange in the Lungs.
- 2) The Lungs Contain Millions of Little Air Sacs Called Alveoli.
- 3) The Alveoli Are Adapted To Their Function As They Have a Large Surface Area,very thin Walls and a Good Blood Supply.
What Helps Vili To Do Their Job?
- 1) a Single Layer of Surface Cells
- 2) a Very Good Blood Supply
